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III. No. 209 



Price 10 cents 



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ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



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HOW TO 
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'Jipre and Speed 



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, American Sports Publishing Co 

fVh''y''''''% 21Vrarren Street, New YorK (|f'""xi;|'H'i 





^^B^^^^B^^^B^^^^H' i^^P 




THE SPALDING 



^TRADE - MARK 
QUALITY AND 
SELLING POLICY 



ICONSTITUTE THE SOLID FOUNDATION OP THE SPALDING BUSINESS 

■BMBiHiiaabMiiiBHiiaaiiiiiH^^ 



Americans National Game 

By A. G. SPALDING 

Price, $2.00 Net 

A book of 600 pages, profusely illustrated with over 100 
full page engravings, and having sixteen forceful cartoons 
by Homer C. Davenport, the famous American artist 



The above work should have a place in every 
public library in this country, as also in the 
libraries of public schools and private houses. 

The author of "America's National Game" 
is conceded, always, everywhere, and by every- 
body, to have the best equipment of any living 
writer to treat the subject that forms the text 
of this remarkable volume, viz., the story of 
the origin, development and evolution of Base 
Ball, the National Game of our country. 

Almost from the very inception of the game 
until the present time — as player, manager and 
magnate — Mr. Spalding has been closely iden- 
tified with its interests. Not infrequently he 
has been called upon in times of emergency 
to prevent threatened disaster. But for him 
the National Game would have been syn 
dicated and controlled by elements whose 
interests were purely selfish and personal. 

The book is a veritable repository of in- 
formation concerning players, clubs and 
personalities connected with the game in 
its early days, and is written in a most 
interesting style, interspersed with enlivening anecdotes and 
accounts of events that have not heretofore been published. 

The response on the part of the press and the public to 
Mr. Spalding's efforts to perpetuate the early history of the 
National Game has been very encouraging and he is in receipt 
of hundreds of letters and notices, a few of which are here given. 

Robert Adamson, New York, writing from the office of Mayor 
Gaynor, says: — "Seeing the Giants play is my principal recreation and 
I am^ interested in rea'ding everything I can find about the game. I 
especially enjoy what you [Mr. Spalding] have written, because you 
stand as the highest living authority on the game." 

Barney Dreyfuss, owner of the Pittsburg National League club: — "It 
does honor to author as well as the game. I have enjoyed reading it 
very much." 

Walter Camp, well known foot ball expert and athlete, says: — "It 
is indeed a remarkable work and one that I have read with a great 
deal of interest." 

John B. Day, formerly President of the New York Nationals:— 
"Your wonderful work will outlast all of us." 




W. Irving Snyder, formerly of the louse of Peck & Snyder: — ^"I 
have read the book from cover to cover with great interest." 

Andrew Peck, formerly of the celebrated firm of Peck & Snyder: — 
"All base ball fans should read and see how the game was conducted in 
early years." 

Melville E. Stone, New York, General Manager Associated Press: — 
"I find it full of valuable information and very interesting. I prize 
it very highly." ' 

George Barnard, Chicago:— "Words fail to express my appreciation 
of the book. It carries me back to the early days of base ball and 
makes me feel like a young man again." 

Charles W. Murphy, President Chicago National League club: — 
"The book is a very valuable work and will become a part of every 
base ball library in the country." 

John F. Morrill, Boston, Mass., old time base ball star. — "I did 
not think it possible for one to become so interested in a book on base 
ball. I do not find anything in it which I can criticise." 

Ralph D. Paine, popular magazine writer and a leading authority on 
college sport: — "I have been reading the book with a great deal of 
interest. 'It fills a long felt want,' and you are a national benefactor 
for writing it." 

Gen. Fred Funston, hero of the Philippine war: — "I read the book 
with a great deal of pleasure and was much interested in seeing the 
account of base ball among the Asiatic whalers, which I had written 
for Harper's Round Table so many years ago." 

DeWolf Hopper, celebrated operatic artist and comedian: — "Apart 
from the splendid history of the evolution of the game, it perpetuates 
the memories of the many men who so gloriously sustained it. It should 
be read by every lover of the Poort." ^ 

Hugh Nicol, Director of Athletics, Purdue University, Lafayette, 
Ind.: — "No one that has read thi^ book has appreciated it more than I. 
Ever since I have been big enough, I have been in professional base 
ball, and you can imagine how interesting the book is to me." 

Mrs. Britton, owner of the St. Louis Nationals, through her treas- 
urer, H. D. Seekamp, writes: — "Mrs. Britton has been very much 
interested in the volume and has read with pleasure a number of 
chapters, gaining valuable information as to the history of the game." 

Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, D.D., New York:— "Although I am not 
very much of a 'sport,' I nevertheless believe in sports, and just at 
the present time in base ball particularly. Perhaps if all the Giants 
had an opportunity to read the volume before the recent game (with 
the Athletics) they might not have been so grievously outdone." 

Bruce Cartwright, son of Alexander J. Cartwright, founder of the 
Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, the first organization of ball players in 
existence, writing from his home at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, says: 
— "I have read the book with great interest and it is my opinion that 
no better history of base ball could have been written." 

George W. Frost, San Diego, Calif.: — "You and 'Jim' White, George 
Wright, Barnes, McVey, O'Rourke, etc., were little gods to us back 
there in Boston in those days of '74 and '75, and I recall how indig 
nant we were when you 'threw us down' for the Chicago contract 
The book is splendid. I treasure it greatly." 

A. J. Reach, Philadelphia, old time professional expert: — "It certainly 
is an interesting revelation of the national game from the time, years 
before it was so dignified, up to the present. Those who have played 
the game, or taken an interest in it in the past, those at present en- 
gaged in it, together with all who are to engage in it, have a rare 
treat in store." 

Dr. Luther H. Gulick, Russell Sage Foundation: — "Mr. Spalding 
has been the largest factor in guiding the development of the game 
and thus deserves to rank with other great men of the country who 
have contributed to its success. It would have added to the interest 
of the book if Mr. Spalding could have given us more of his own 
personal experiences, hopes and ambitions in connection with the game." 



(r^Xl 



Pittsburg Press :—"W\stoT\ca\ incidents abound and the book is an 

excellent authority on the famous sport." 

Philadelphia Tclcqraph: — "In this book Mr. Spalding has written the 
most complete and authorilalive story of base ball yet published." 

Nciv York Herald: — "If there is anyone in the country competent to 
vnte a book on base ball it is A. G. Spalding who has been interested 
in the game from its early beginnings." 

I. E. Sanborn, Chicago Tribune: — "'America's National Game' has 
been added to the 1 ribunc's sporting reference library as an invaluable 
contribution to the literature of the national pastime." 

O. C. Reichard, Cliicago Daily Nezvs: — "It is cleverly written and 
presents information and dates of great value to the newspaper man 
of to-day!" 

George C. Rice, Chicago Journal: — "I have read the book through, 
and take pleasure in stating that it is a complete history of the game 
from the beginning until the present time." 

Sherman R. Duffy, Sporting Editor Chicago Journal:— "It is a most 
interesting work and one for which there was need. It is the most 
valuable addition to base ball literature that has yet been put out." 

Joseph H. Vila, New York Sun: — "I have read it carefully and with 
much interest. It is the best piece of base ball literature i have ever 
seen, and I congratulate you on the work." 

Tim Murnane, Sporting Editor Boston Globe: — "You have given to 
the world a book of inestimable value, a classic in American history; 
a book that should be highly prized in every home library in the 
country." 

Francis C. Richter, Editor Sporting Life, Philadelphia: — "From a 
purely literary standpoint, your work is to me amazing. Frankly, 1 
would not change a line, for the reason that the story is told in a way 
to grip the reader and hold his interest continually." 

Los Angeles Times (editorial); — "Spalding's book has been out six 
months and ninety thousand copies have been sold. We understand 
there will be other editions. America has taken base ball seriously 
for at last two generations, and it is time enough that the fad was 
given an adequate text book." 

Caspar Whitney, Editor Outdoor America, and one of the leading 
authorities in the world on sport: — "You have made an invaluable con- 
tribution to the literature of the game, and one none else could have 
made. Moreover, you've done some very interesting writing, which is 
a distinct novelty in such books — too often dull and uninteresting." 

New York World: — "Albert G. Spalding, who really grew up with 
the sport, has written 'America's National Game,' which he describes 
as not_ a history, but the simple story of the game as he has come to 
know it. His book, therefore, is full of living interest. It is a volume 
generously illustrated and abounds in personal memories of base ball 
in the making." 

New York Sun: — "There is a mass of interesting information regard- 
ing base ball, as might be expected, in Mr. Spalding's 'America's 
National Game.' It is safe to say that before Spaloing there was no 
base ball. The book is no record of games and players, but it is 
historical in a broader sense, and the author is able to give his personal 
decisive testimony about many disputed points." 

Evening Telegram, New York; — "In clear, concise, entertaining, nar- 
rative_ £tyle, Albert G. Spalding has contributed in many respects the 
most interesting work pertaining to base ball, the national game, which 
has been written. 

"There is so much in it of interest that the temptation not to put 
it down until it is completed is strong with.n the mind of every 
person who begins to read it. As a historical record it is one of those 
volumes which will go further to straighten some disputed points than 
all of the arguments which could be advanced in good natured disputes 
wliich might last for months." 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Q 



D 



Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now 
: ) in print, grouped for ready reference cp^=:=:z 

No SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 

1 Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide 

f A Spalding's Official Base Ball Record 

IC Spalding's Official College Base Bali Annual 

2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

2A Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide 
4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 

6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide 

7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide 

7A Spalding's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide 

8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 

9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 
I 2A Spalding's Official Athletic Rules 



Group I. 

No. 1 



Base Ball 



No. lA 
No. Ic 
No. 202 
No. 223 
No. 232 
No. 230 
No. 229 
No. 225 
No. 226 
No. 227 
No. 228 
No. 224 



No. 
231 



Spalding's Official Base Ball 

Guide. 
Official Base Ball Record. 
College Base Ball Annual. 
How to Play Base Ball. 
How to Bat. 
How to Run Bases. 
How to Pitch. 
How to Catch. 
How to Play First Base. 
How to Play Second Base. 
How to Play Third Base. 
How to Play Shortstop. 
How to Play the Outfield. 
How to Organize a Base Ball 
League. [Club. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
How to Manage a Base Ball 

Club. 
How to Train a Base Ball Team 
How to Captain a Base Ball 
How to Umpire a Game. [Team 
t Technical Base Ball Terms. 
No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 

Percentages. 
No. 350 How to Score. 

BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 355 Minor League Base Ball Guide 
Official Book National League 

of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. 
Official Handbook National 
Playground Ball Ass'n. 

Group II. Foot Ball 

No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. 

No. 2a Spalding's Official Soccer Foot 

Ball Guide. 
No. 286 How to Play Soccer. 
No. 335 How to Play Rugby. 

FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 851 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. 
No. 358 Official College Soceer Foot 
Ball Guide. 



No. 356 
No. 340 



Group III. Cricket 

No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. 

Group IV. Lawn Tennis 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- 
nis Annual. 
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 

Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Giiide. 
No. 154 Field Hockey. 
No. 180 Ring Hockey. 

Group VII. Basket Ball 

No. 7 Spalding' sOfficial Basket Ball 

Guide. 
No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's 

Basket Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 353 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 

Handbook. 

Group VIII. Lacrosse 

No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 
No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. 

Group IX. Indoor Base Ball 

No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base 
Ball Guide. 

Group X. Polo 

No. 129 Water Polo. 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 

Group XI. Miscellaneous Games 

No. 248 Archery. No. 138 Croquet. 

No. 271 Roque. 

XT iQ/( / Racquets. Squash-Racquets. 

JNo. iy4 ^ Court Tennis. 

No. 13 Hand Ball. 

No. 167 Quoits. No. 14 Curling. 

No. 170 Push Ball. 

No. 207 Lawn Bowls. 

M^ 1QC / Lawn Hockey. Parlor Hockey 

!So. l»» J Garden Hockey. Lawn Games 

No. 341 How to Bowl. 



ANY GF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



Groap XII. Athletics 

No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic 
No. 27 College Athletics. iKulcs 

All Around Athletics. 
Athletes' Guide. 
Athletic Primer. [Thrower. 
How to Become a Weight 
How to Run 100 Yards, [ningr. 
Distance— Crosscountry Run- 
Official Sporting Rules. 
Athletic Training for School- 
Marathon Running. [boys. 
Schoolyard Athletics. 
How to Sprint. [petition. 

Walking for Health and Com- 
Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
Girls' Athletics. [book. 
Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. 
P. S. A. L. Official Handbook. 

Group XIII. Athletic Accomplishments 

No. 23 Canoeing. 

How to Row, 

How to Swim. 

How to Become a Skater. 

How to Train for Bicycling. 

Roller Skating Guide. 

Group XIV. Manly Sports 

No. 165 Fencing. (By Senac.) 
No. 236 How to Wrestle. 



No. 182 
No. 156 
No. 87 
No. 259 
No. 255 
No. 174 
No. 55 
No. 246 
No. 317 
No. 331 
No. 252 
No. 342 
No, 357 
No. 314 
No. 302 
No. 313 



No. 128 
No. 177 
No. 209 
No. 178 
No. 282 



Group XIV. Manly Sports— Con. 

No. 102 Ground Tumbling. 

No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells 

No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. 

No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. 

No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. 

No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. 



Group XV. 



No. 254 
No. 214 
No. 158 
No. 124 
No. 287 

No 327 
No. 329 

No. 345 



No, 149 
No. 285 
No. 208 
No. 185 
No. 234 
No. 238 
No. 288 
No. 213 
No. 325 



Gymnastics 



Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. 
Graded Calls, and D. B. Drills, 
In- and Outdoor Gym. Games, 
How to Become a Gymnast. 
Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills. [Apparatus. 
Pyramid Building Without 
Pyramid Building with 
Wands, Chairs and Ladders. 
Handbook I.C. A. A. Gymnasts 

Group XVI. Physical Culture 

No. 161 10 Min. Exercise for Busy Men 
Care of the Body. [nasties 
Health by Muscular Gym 
Physical Education and Hy 
Hints on Health. [giene 

School Tactics and Maze Run 
Muscle Building. [ning 

Indigestion Treated by Gym 
285 Health Answers, [nasties, 
Twenty-Minute Exercises. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



Spalding '*Red Cover" Series of Athletic Handbooks 

No, IR. Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac Price 25c. 

No. 2R. Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis Price 25c. 

No. 3R. Spalding's Official Golf Guide Price 25c. 

No. 4R. How to Play Golf Price 25c. 

No. 5R. Spalding's Official Cricket Guide Price 25c. 

No. 7R, Physical Training Simplified Price 25c. 

No, BR. The Art of Skating Price 25c. 

No. 9R. How to Live 100 Years Price 25c. 

No. lOR. Single Stick Drill Price 25c. 

No. IIR. Fencing Foil Work Illustrated Price 25c. 

No. 12R. Exercises on the Side Horse. Price 25c. 

No. 13R. Horizontal Bar Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 14R. Trapeze, Long Horse and Rope Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 15R. Exercises on the Flying Rings Price 25c. 

No. 16R. Team Wand Drill Price 25c. 

No. 17R. Olympic Games, Stockholm, 1912 Price 25c. 

No. 18R. Wrestling Price 25c. 

No. 19R. Professional Wrestling Price 25c. 

No. 20R. How to Play Ice Hockey Price 25c. 

No. 21R. Jiu Jitsu Price 25c. 

No. 22R. How to Swing Indian Clubs Price 25c. 

No. 23R. Get Well ; Keep Well Price 25c. 

No. 24R. Dumb Bell Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 25R. Boxing Price 25c. 

No. 26R. Official Handbook National Squash Tennis Association Price 25c. 

No. 27R. Calisthenic Drills and FancyMarching for the Class Room Price 25c. 

No. 28R. Winter Sports Price 25c. 

No. 29R. Children's Games Price 25c. 

No. 30R. Fencing. (By Breck.) Price 25c. 

No. 31R. Spalding's International Polo Guide Price 25c. 

No. 32R. Physical Training for the School and Class Room. . . Price 25c. 

No. 33R. Tensing Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 34R. Grading of Gymnastic Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 35R. Exercises on the Parallel Bars Price 25c. 

No. 36R. Speed Swimming Price 25c. 




As He Appeared When Champion of the World. 
TTiE FAMOUS JOE DONOGIIUE 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

\ 



HOW TO BECOME 
A SKATER 



CONTAINING FULL INSTRUCTIONS FOR 
EXCELLING AT 

Figure and Speed Skating 



ILLUSTRATED 



NEW YORK 

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
21 Warren Street 









The publishers extend their thanks to 
George W. Kirner, ot the Brooklyn 
Skating Club, for valuable suggestions. 



Copyright,! 9 13, by 

American Sports Publishing CompaOTP 

New York 



©CI.A.'HTTO;] 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 




The use of skates in some one form or another has been 
popular for almost a thousand years. They had their origin 
in Continental Europe and were later introduced into England. 
The old-time Norse, Swedes and Dutch were pioneers in the 
art of propelling one's self over ice on improvised runners, and 
they have left latter-day humanity a legacy that has increased to 
wondrous value. Like that of many other pastimes, the exact 
origin of skating it is impossible to ascertain, and consequently 
those who would speak of its early state must generalize to a 
considerable extent. In the "Edda" or "Elder Edda," a collec- 
tion of Icelandic literature gathered by Saemund the Wise, sup- 
posedly in 1056-1133, skating is mentioned. This is probably the 
earliest known source from which record of the facinating pas- 
time can be obtained. The god UUer is represented as being 
remarkable for his beauty, arrov/s and skates. Friedrich Klop- 
stock, the celebrated German poet and author, in speaking of 
skating two hundred years ago, said that man, "like the Homeric 
gods, strides with winged feet over the sea transmuted into solid 
ground." Goethe, Herder and other German poets have also sung 
its praises. 

Fitzstephen, a writer in the twelfth century, is undoubtedly the 
most reliable authority on the remote past of skating. He 
states that the art was imported into England from the Low 
Countries. He also describes in detail features of the sport in 
its elementary state. 

The style of skate then in use was the brisket bone of an ox, 
which was fastened to the sole of the foot and around the ankle 
like the talares or winged sandals of Mercury. The skater, 
armed with an iron-shod stick, pushed himself forward by strik- 
ing it against the ice, and moved with as much celerity, says 




LOUIS RUBENSTEIN. Hemment. Photo. 

The "Father of Skating" in Canada. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library, 7 

the author, as a bird flying through the air or an arrow from a 
cross-bow. In the museum of Cambridge may be seen the com- 
bined uhia and radius of a red deer, and bones evidently ground 
down by being used as skates are shown in the British Museum 
and also at Guildhall. 

The wooden skate, shod with iron or steel, made its appear- 
ance in the fourteenth century. In the vocabulary by Commenius, 
called "Orbis Sensualium Pictus," these skates are called "scrick- 
shoes," from the German, and in the print at the head of the 
section in that work, they are represented longer than those of the 
present day, and the irons are turned up much higher in front. 
There is historical evidence that iron blades were uised as early as 
the sixteenth century, for it is recorded that in 1572 A. D., the 
Dutch fleet, being frozen in the Y at Amsterdam, Don Frederick, 
the son of Alva, sent a body of men to take the vessels, but the 
Dutch musketeers sallied forth on skates, and successfully routed 
the aggressors. 

Of course, skating in its undeveloped stage lacked organiza- 
tion. Races were practically unheard of and no records were 
kept. Holland is believed to have first promoted speed contests 
on an official basis, crude in the extreme though it was, and 
later England took up the practice; The first race in England 
that won a place in the sporting annals of that country occurred 
in 1823. The event was a five-mile race for a bowl, value $125, 
at Maze Lake, Hertfordshire. Six gentlemen competed, the 
winner turning up in an aspirant named Blenkinsop. In 1841 
W. Ncedham, of March, offered to race any man in the world, 
but before the season waned, he received his quietus from Few, 
of Sutton. At this time we read of such men as Cross, of Ely; 
Clark, of Yaxley, and Sharman, of Holme, but the most promi- 
nent among the lot being a skater named Register, who hailed 
from Southey. He claimed the championship by defeating an 
aspirant named Porter in a two-mile race. The time was 6m. 
35s. ; exceptional interest being centred in the performance, as it 
is believed to be the first accurate record ever kept. The year 
1854 is memorable as being the advent of William Smart, or, to 
use his popular pseudonym, "Turkey," the first of a long line of 



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Spaldijigs Athletic Library. 9 

illustrious skaters. He defeated Register for the championship, 
securing as the prize a silver watch which is regarded in the 
family to the present day as a valuable heirloom. At Welmey, 
in February, 1855, "Turkey" defeated such men as Green, See, 
Wiles, Register and "\Vatkinson for a prize of $50, but had to 
succumb to "Gutta Percha" See in 1861, at Wisbech; but "Tur- 
key" turned the tables on "Gutta Percha" by defeating him a 
month later. 

In 1878 George Smart, otherwise known as "Fish" Smart, com- 
menced a string of victories which made him famous at home 
and abroad. During '79, '£0 and '81 he won no less than fifty- 
five races, never once suffering defeat, although meeting such 
cracks as Harrison, Carter, Hawes and G. See. But the most 
memorable race ever held was brought off at Mepal, on Decem- 
ber 18, 1878. Among the competitors v*^ere William ("Turkey") 
Smart and G. ("Gutta Percha") See, with two other young 
skaters, who subsequently became prominent, George ("Fish") 
Smart, "Turkey's" nephew, and George See, "Gutta Percha's" 
son. In the first heat the veterans, "Turkey" and "'Gutta Per- 
cha," succeeded in defeating their opponents, but by a singular 
stroke of luck, vs^ere pitted against each other in the second 
round. "Gutta Percha" won this event by a close shave. This 
was followed by another sensational contest, for in the third 
round "Gutta Percha" had to run against his own son. A scene 
of indescribable excitement prevailed when, in spite of "Gutta 
Percha's" greatest efforts, his son brought him home the oft- 
repeated adage, "Youth will be served." In the meantime George 
Smart, "Turkey's" nephew, had vanquished all his opponents, 
which made him entitled to meet young See in the final. He 
won easily, and thereby commenced the rank which he was to 
hold among skaters for more than a decade afterward. 

In the month of January, 1880, the National Skating Associa- 
tion held their first meeting at Hendon, on the "Welsh Harp" 
Water, and since then we have been periodically treated to crops 
of records under every conceivable condition. The best times of 
this season were done at the championships. The ice was in 
splendid condition. Dewsbury covered the one and a half miles 




Photo by Hemment 
IRVING BROKAW, THE NOTED NEW YORK FIGURE SKATER, 
EXECUTING A TOE MOVEMENT 



Spalding' s Athletic Library, II 

in 4m. 53 1-5S. ; Bones in 4m. 53 2-55. George Smart's best time 
was 5m. 1-5S. For a while it became a vexed question as to how 
fast George Smart could skate, consequently Mr. Neville Good- 
man offered a $125 prize to any skater who could, without wind, 
cover a mile in 2m. 50s., and although several tried it, none 
could accomplish the task. He also offered $25 to George Smart 
if he could beat 2m. 40s. Smart tried, and only got home in 3m. 
In this year an international match was the result of an agitation 
between the National Skating Association and the Dutch Skat- 
ing Association, but a persistent thaw setting in, the affair had to 
be abandoned, and indeed it may be said that there was prac- 
tically no more skating until the winters of 1886 and 1887. 

The first American to rise to national prominence as a skater 
was Charles June, a resident of that great nursery for success- 
ful skaters, Newburg, New York. It was in the late '30s that 
June's star was in the ascendant. After June's time came Tim 
Donoghue, Gecrge D. Phillips, Sam Montgomery, John Ennis, 
F. W. Craft, Joe Donoghue, John S. Johnson and others. 

In 1878 John Ennis covered 100 miles in iih. 37ni. 4s., and 145 
miles in less than igh. at Chicago. In 1879 the amateur cham- 
pionship of America was inaugurated and gave a ten and tvvt.nty- 
mile race, which was won by G. D. Phillips. 

George D. Phillips was the only man in the history of skating 
who held at the same time the national championship in both 
speed and figure skating. 

About this time the public were almost driven crazy by the 
claims of skaters to some marvelous records, viz., one mile with 
one turn in im. 58s., and 30 miles in i hour. In order to expose 
these absurd legends, the late W. B. ("Father Bill") Curtis, 
through the Spirit of the Times, challenged any one to equal 
these times, and in 1881 $250 were offered to any one who could 
skate one mile on a six-lap track in less than 2m. 50^s., but the 
money was never claimed. In 1882 Samuel J. Montgomery skated 
fifty miles in 4h. 13m. 36s., at New York, establishing new rec- 
ords from twenty-five to fifty miles. 

In Canada speed races were held at the principal towns — 
Montreal, Halifax, Charlottetown, etc., and 1883 saw the best 




Photo by Hemment 
IRVING BROKAW EXECUTING THE BACKWARD ROCKING TURN 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 13 

skaters in I. H. Stewart, E. A. Scott and F. Dowd. Races were 
held on small, cornered rinks, about fourteen laps to the mile, 
and when Alex Paulsen, of Norway, visited America, he could 
not get around the turns and was easily defeated. Paulsen again 
crossed the Atlantic in '84, and this time carried everything be- 
fore him. First at New York, in a twenty-five-mile race he 
covered the distance in ih. 33m. 28s. ; next, at Milwaukee, he 
defeated Dowd, and, returning, v/on the great international ten- 
mile match, at Washington, D. C. Among the competitors were 
R. A. Elliott and C. H. McCormack, of Canada ; Hemment, from 
London, Franklin, from Norway, and G. D. Phillips, C. Pfaff, 
S. O'Brien and S. J. Montgomery, of the United States. Paul- 
sen won in 36m. 7 2-5S. ; Elliott and Phillips being second and 
third respectively. This year the United States Skating Asso- 
ciation was formed, and elected W. B. Curtis as its first i>resi- 
dent. During 1883 and '84 G. Phillips created a furor by sprint- 
ing one hundred yards in 10 3-5S., 220 yards in 22 3-5S., and a 
quarter mile in 44 1-5S., from a running start and witnout wind. 

In 1886 and '87 the National Skating Association held their 
armateur championship races. G. D. Phillips captured the two 
hundred and twenty yards straightaway, 20 2-5S. ; twenty-five 
miles, F. W. Craft, ih. 39m. 22s.; i-mile, Tim Donoghue, Jr., 
3m. 14 1-5S. At this time it became a vexed question in what 
time a mile straightaway, with a flying start, could be covered. 
A favorable opportunity occurring on January 31, a straight 
mile was measured on the Hudson River. Several tried it, but 
the best time was by T. Donoghue, Jr., who, aided by a strong 
gale, covered the mile in 2m. 12 3-5S. 

The Donoghue family won fame that will last as long as 
skating thrives. The late Tim Donoghue, father of Joe Dono- 
ghue, lived in Newburg almost all his life and from youth was 
an enthusiastic skater. For several years before the origin of 
the National Skating Association, he was American champion 
and during his career won enough prizes to decorate the wall of 
a room. Before the Civil War he was known as the "Newburg 
Cyclone," and it was claimed for him that he skated a mile be- 
fore the wind in im. 50s. The record was never accepted by 




IRVING BROKAW EXECUTING FIGURE EIGHT ON ONE FOOT, 

BACKWARD Photo by Hemment 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 15 

the authorities, however, although he was given eredit for being 
phenomenally rapid in his flight over a congealed surface. 
Years after "Tim, Jr." won the championship at skating, but he 
was forced to retire before his youthful brother, Joe, or, more 
properly, he was left behind. 

Tim Donoghue, Sr., was an oar-maker, and he also boasted of 
manufacturing all the skates used by himself and his sons. 

Joe and Tim, Jr., were warm rivals until the former finally 
demonstrated his superior ability. When Joe went abroad there 
was talk of sending Tim, too, so that in case of an accident 
happening to the former, Tim would be on hand to compete in 
his place. 

Joe Donoghue was born at Newburg, February 11, 1871. He 
first became known to fame as a roller skater, having, when but 
thirteen years old, won the roller championship of his native 
town in a competition at the Olympic Rink, on Lander Street. 
During the seasons of 1884 and 1885 he won numerous races 
there, defeating, among others, the noted skater William Boyst, 
of Port Jervis, N. Y., twice at three miles ; Ed Chapman, of Mid- 
dletown, N. Y. ; Mclntyre, of Kingston, N. Y., and Wright, of 
Walden, N. Y., the distance in all of these events being three 
miles, and most of them being won with ease by the speedy and 
graceful stripling. The proprietors of the rink presented ''Joe" 
with a valuable watch and chain for defeating all comers. He 
last appeared in a race on rollers in the summer of 1885, when 
he beat Ed Chapman. He also early became an expert in ice 
skating, a love for which sport he inherited. His first appear- 
ance in a contest away from home was at Washington Park, 
Brooklyn, in February, 1884, when he took part in a race open 
to boys under sixteen years, winning second prize. He next 
appeared at Albany, January 19, 1887, when he finished first in 
a one-mile race, defeating a field of fifteen. On the same day 
he supplemented this victory by defeating eight good skaters in 
a five-mile race, the second man finishing half a mile behind. 
He was among the competitors at the initial annual champion- 
ship of the National Skating Association, near New York, in 
the winter of 1886-87. He won the half-mile race, and was de- 




^ <A..i:rf4-^^y'> 



AUGUST NELSON. 

Western Fancy Skater. 

Photo by Gibson Art C lleries, Chicago, 



Spalding's Athletic Library, IJ 

fcatcd l)y his elder brother 'lim and Craft of St. John, N. B., in 
a one-mile event, taking third prize. 

On January 12, 1887, Donoghue met and defeated a well known 
skater named Scullion in a race of one mile, in 3m. 27s., the 
track measuring a fifth of a mile round, and Joe winning by 
seventy-five yards. He was again a participant at the second 
championship meeting of the National Association in January, 
1888, winning a five-mile race on January 21, over a field of ten ; 
finishing second to his, brother in a mile race on the 24th, and 
winning at ten miles.'on the 28th, four others starting. His 
time in the first race was 19m. 17 1-5S., and in the other 44m. 
41 2-5S. His next appearance in a race took place at Albany, N. 
Y., February 2, 1888, when he won the State championship at 
five miles, leading from the start and covering the distance easily 
rn i8m. 9s. William Beaver was second. He subsequently 
challenged the winner of the Canadian amateur championship to 
skate a match for a gold medal or other prize, for which the 
loser was to pay, the distance to be either one, five or ten miles, 
at the option of the acceptor, and the match to be decided at 
some half way spot, but no answer was received to the defi. 
Gaining as he was each year in physical strength, staying 
power and skill, Joe was soon without a rival in the ama- 
teur ranks. 

During the season of 1888-89 Joe Donoghue went to Europe 
for the first time, meeting and defeating the pick of the Rus- 
sians, Dutch and English experts. He went to the champion- 
ship meet at Amsterdam expecting to have a long period for 
training before the tournanient in which he was to take part. 
Unfortunately it was an open season and Joe had only four days 
of good ice in which to prepare himself. His chief opponent, 
Alexander von Panschin, of St. Petersburg, had, on the other 
hand, been in steady training for three months and arrived at 
Amsterdam in perfect condition. In the first race of half a mile 
Donoghue struck a post and fell ; he also was beaten by the Rus- 
sian in the mile event. This was surely discouraging enough as a 
commencement, but those who were present say that Joe was as 
"cool as a cucumber," and did not seem in the least degree 




HARRY L. RODDE, 
A Western Record Breaker. 

Photo by Gibson Art Galleries, Chicagro. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 19 

"rattled." When they were called for the two-mile race he 
turned to a friend and said, smiling : 

"If I don't win this time the old man will be sending for me 
to come home.'' 

Then the word was. given and the dozen skaters were off 
amid roars of applause. Twelve thousand people waived their 
hands, and shouted as they passed the half-way mark side by 
side, Joe swinging along with even, steady stroke, his legs mov- 
ing with the precision of piston rods, and the Russian beside 
him, vv'ith arms swinging and face drawn as if he were unable 
to realize that the youngster at his side was actually gaining on 
him. Von Panschin appeared to be straining every nerve and 
muscle, while Joe, with his ^arms folded behind his back, might 
have been out for a pleasure stroll for any effort he seemed to 
make. Down the home-stretch they came, and Joe drew away 
from his famous rival inch by inch until there was a distance of 
two yards between them. Joe never lost his head, and won by 
seven seconds, making the fastest time on record, 6m. 24s. 

Later in the same season Donoghue was beaten at Vienna by 
the Russian in a mile race, coming in one-fifth of a second be- 
hind, and at once challenged Von Panschin to race him two miles. 
The latter refused, w^hereupon Joe, in the presence of a great 
crowd and boundless enthusiasm, skated two miles against the 
Russian's best time, which was 6m. 41s., and beat it in 6m. 28 3-5S., 
receiving a grand ovation and a valuable diamond ring from the 
Vienna Skating Club. 

On January 15 and 16 a tournament was held at Hamburg, 
where Donoghue easily defeated all the Germans, after which he 
left for America. He competed in the National Skating Asso- 
ciation meeting February 22, winning the five miles, while his 
brother won the one-eighth mile. 

In the season of 1889 and '90 the United States National 
Skating Association, after three postponements, held their meet- 
ing January 29. J. F. Donoghue definitely showed his super- 
iority over any distance man by winning the mile in 3m. 285^5., 
and five miles in 17m. 50 i-Ss.; undoubtedly the second best man 
in the United States being James Donoghue, the younger brother. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 21 

The Manhattan A. C. sent Donoghnc to Norway to train for 
he Dutch championship of 1890 and '91. The races were held 
at Heerenveen, and resulted in two victories for Donoghue, viz., 
one mile, 3m. 9 4-5S. ; three miles, 9m. 17s. The next event 
after the Dutch races was the international race, held at Cam- 
bridge, England. The distance was one and a half miles, which 
Donoghue won in 4m. 46s., thus beating all records. Loveday, 
the British champion, finished second, in 5m. 8s. Rowe was 
third and Tebbutt fourth. What added to the youngster's tri- 
umph on this occasion was the fact tha:t on the very day before 
James ("Fish") Smart, the English professional, had skated the 
same distance over the same course in a race, in which he did 
his best, and had taken 6 1-5S. longer to do it. Thus, although 
Donoghue as an amateur could not try conclusions with James 
Smart, yet it was possible from this test to make a comparison 
between them in favor of the American. 

Returning to Holland, Donoghue won all four events at the 
international races held at Amsterdam on January 6 and 7 — 
half-mile, im. 25 2-5S. ; two miles, 6m. 10 4-5S. ; five miles, 16m. 
IS., performances which justly earned for him the title of 
"Champion of the World." 

Returning to America Donoghue took part in the Newburg 
races February 7, 1891, and broke the five-mile record in 15m. 
36 2-5S. over a quadrangular course with two laps to the mile. 
Some of the best amateurs struggled again Joe in this race, 
among them being his brother, Jim Donoghue, Simpson, Mosher, 
Munzesheimer, Gross and George Risk. That same day Joe won 
the ten-mile race in 35m. 54 3-5S., with Simpson four seconds 
behind him. He also won the quarter-mile race in z^ 4-5s., with 
Mosher pushing him hard. 

At the Newburg races of the National Skating Association, 
held on Muchattoes Lake, March 3, 1892, Joe Donoghue won 
easily all four events against all competitors, thereby strengthen- 
ing his claim to the championship of the world. 

Joe Donoghue, however, like many a world-beater, finally met 
his Waterloo. John S. Johnson, racing under the colors of the 
Normannia Skating Club, of Minneapolis, defeated h'-m at Red 



Spalding's AfJiletic Library. 23 

Bank, N. J., February 16, 1893, in the National Skating Asso- 
ciation's championship contests. Olaf Rudcl, of the same Min- 
neapolis club, also defeated Donoghue that day. Donoghue evi- 
dently was not in his best shape. 

Not since the days of the Donoghues has the world seen so 
brilliant a skater as John Nilsson, the professional world's 
champion speeding expert, who holds all records from a half- 
mile to five miles. The amateur champion of America (1904) is 
Morris Wood, of Long Branch, N. J, 

Nilsson makes his home in Minneapolis. In addition to his 
sensational skating ability he is a powerful oarsman, a canoe 
expert, a speedy sprinter, a gymnast, a tumbler, a boxer and a 
wrestler. He has built three motor-cycles, three automobiles, 
and is developing an airship which he believes will make Santos- 
Dumont look to his laurels. 

Nilsson believes that every skater should be temperate in his 
habits, and should indulge in a variety of exercises, so as to 
give himself good all-around muscular development. He never 
smoked a cigar or cigarette; neither has he ever indulged in 
intoxicating liquors. Therefore it is easy to understand how 
he has been able to uphold his supremacy for alrpost a decade. 

As a trick skater, Nilsson probably never has had an equal, 
certainly no superior. Every imaginable "stunt" of the fancy 
skater is at his command and he has originated a large number 
of startling feats. For example, he will approach a chair at full 
speed on one foot and leap completely over its back, landing on 
the same foot without losing his balance. Then again he will 
place three or four barrels side by side and jump over them, 
turning around in mid-air and landing with his face toward the 
barrels. A novel sight it is to see him run backward on the 
points of his skates. He goes round and round a circle with 
his feet in the spread-eagle position, incfeasing his speed with- 
out raising either blade from the ice, etc., etc., etc. 

Nilsson may well be described as "a jolly good fellow." His 
genial disposition has made him a prime favorite wherever he is 
known. He is a "natural born" humorist, and witty indeed is 
the man that can turn the laugh against the champion. 




I. E. B. Cook, New York, "Father of American Figure Skating" ; 2. W. F. 
Duffy, New York, American Champion, 1904; 3. Geo. D. Phillips, New 
York, American Champion, 1892, 1895, 1897, also S]ieed Champion; 4. Dr. 
A. G. Keane, New York, American Champion, 1898, 1899, 1900-02, 1905*. 
5. J. F. P.acon, Boston, American Champion, 1893; 6. Lotiis Uubenstein, 
Montreal, American Chami)ion, 1888, 1889; 7. E. W. J'assett, New York, 
American Champion, 1907. 

FAMOUS AMERICAN FIGURE SKATERS. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 25 

Morris Wood, the amateur champion of America, learned to 
skate on the broad Shrewsbury River, which flows near his 
home, Long Branch. He began to skate almost as soon as he 
was able to stand and when only fifteen years old had won an 
enviable reputation among his associates as a speedy performer 
on the glistening blades. 

Wood is a sunburned lad of medium height. His keen spark- 
ling eyes, and clean-cut features stamp him as the possessor of 
unlimited grit and endurance. He is never beaten until the 
race is over. He has a burst of speed that is nothing short of 
phenomenal, and he always saves himself for the finish, when he 
approaches the line with demon swiftness. 

At Verona Lake, N. J., near Montclair, where in January, 
1904, Wood won in one afternoon the half, mile and five-mile 
championships of the National Amateur Skating Association, his 
performances were described in part by a leading New York 
newspaper as follows : 

"Morris Wood, of Euclid School, Brooklyn, the national ama- 
teur speed skating champion at a half-mile and one-mile, added 
the five-mile distance to his credit. Through the result of the 
races, he becomes the national champion at the half-mile, one 
mile and five mile distances. He won because he not only out- 
skated but out-maneuvered his fields and won cleverly in each 
event and with lots of speed to spare. 

"At the crack of Starter Sam See's pistol, at the start of the 
five-mile race, the twelve men got away well bunched, with 
Bellefeuille, of Winnipeg, Canada, and Wood in the lead. They 
were inclined to sprint it a bit for the betterment of their posi- 
tion, but soon worked themselves out, with Christopherson, of 
the Fleitner A. C, of Chicago, in the lead and Bellefeuille and 
W^ood on his heels. When they crossed for the first mile the 
position was the same. The time for the first mile was 3m. i6s. 

"The positions of the leaders were unchanged at the second 
mile. 

"On the second lap of the third mile Wood, to demonstrate 
his sprinting qualities, jumped to the front as though the rest 
of the skaters were anchored. He was five yards in front and 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 27 

skating easily. Bellefeuille was right behind him, with Merritt, 
of the Verona Lake Skating Club, coming up to third place. 
Again in the fourth mile the order of the leaders was reversed, 
Bellefeuille going to the front and setting the pace for a few 
laps. Wood was on his heels, with Christophcrson close up. 
They held this order to the end of the fourth mile. 

"Bellefeuille kept his lead, with Wood and Merritt close be- 
hind until the last half of the last lap. The champion as he 
came down the far stretch shot away from the leaders as though 
they were tied. 

"As they rounded the turn for the home-stretch Wood was in 
the lead by fifteen yards. Bellefeuille followed, with Merritt 
five yards behind, and in this order they crossed the tape. The 
time for the five miles was i6m. 59s. 

"Just as cleverly as he won the five-mile event, the champion 
gathered in the honors for the half and the mile races. In the 
half-mile he took the lead after the second lap had been skated, 
and was never headed. W. H. Merritt followed him across the 
line in second position five yards in his wake. Bellefeuille was 
a stride behind Merritt. The time for the half was im. 24 4-55., 
4 4-5 seconds behind the record for the distance. 

"In the mile race only three yards separated Wood at the 
finish from the second man, Merritt. The time for the mile 
was 3m. 3s," 




ARTHUR Y. SARONY OF NEW YORK A. C. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 29 



HINTS FOR BEGINNERS IN SPEED 
SKATING 

r.Y G. BELLEFEUILLE, THE WELL-KNOWN CANADIAN EXPERT. 



He who would become an able speed skater must determine 
to practice faithfully, and to keep himself in good physical condition. 

Early defeats should not discourage the beginner. Perse- 
verance is the greatest aid to success and men have forged to 
the fore after spending years among the lesser lights. It is 
highly important that every novice should learn correct form. 
A style suited to individual peculiarities or characteristics, is 
as a general rule, productive of the best results, in opposition to 
a style of skating copied bodily from someone else. At the same 
time, much benefit can be had through imitating the leading 
skaters' methods to some extent. 

The beginner ought first to make sure that he is not contract- 
mg a faulty pose and an incorrect stroke. He had best watch the 
maneuvers, of the well-known performers and ask their advice 
on matters not entirely clear to him. 

A jerky irregular stroke is to be avoided. The long, strong 
glide with balance well held proves more advantageous. The 
man that falls into the habit of cutting short his strokes, except 
when circumstances warrant such procedure, tires unnecessarily 
the muscles of his legs, affects the wind and loses the perfect 
self-control that is at all times a valuable help. Besides, when 
strokes are short and jerky the racer fails to derive the full 
benefit from the power expended. 

Be content with gradual progress and skate as much as pos- 
sible in the open air. Rink, or indoor skating, is naturally of 
much value as it is available when the lakes, ponds or rivers are 
not frozen or cleared of heavy falls of snow. Do not patronize 
rinks, however, when outdoor ice is at hand. Skating in the 
open has an exhilaration and adds an incentive to speedy work, 
that is lacking under cover. 




HELPING A BEGINNER 
Arms crossed and hands clasped 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 31 

Form the racing habit as soon as your progress in the art of 
skating warrants. Experience is a splendid teacher and compe- 
tition accustoms you to handling yourself under exciting con- 
ditions. You should learn something in every race in which you 
participate. 

iVlways make certain that your skates are strong, well fas- 
tened, and in good racmg condition. I have known men to 
travel scores of miles to compete in some important event, only 
to be placed out of the race through some fault in their equip- 
ment. Sometimes a weak strap breaks, or a flaw in a skate 
causes the blade to snap. The proverbial "stitch in time" saves 
a hundred or more in a race. Do not fail to renew shoe laces 
frequently. Never use racing tights that are too small or too 
light, as they will retard circulation. Avoid any other articles 
of clothing that arc not loose enough to give the body absolute 
freedom of movement. 

Every beginner should practice at least an hour and a half 
a day. Find out your weak points and overcome them. Correct 
j'our shortcomings in this way in preference to spending a large 
portion cf your time in developing the branches of the sport that 
comes easy to you. 




STOPPING BY TWISTING BODY TO LEFT AND SLIDING ON EDGES 
OF SKATES 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 33 



"DONT'S" FOR RACERS 



Don't set up too swift a pace at the opening of a long race. 

Don't swing too wide on turns. 

Don't fail to count laps in distance competitions and to govern 
your speed accordingly. 

Don't crowd your opponents. A skate may strike one of 
yours and give you a fall. 

Don't get into a "pocket." When hedged in, however, work 
your way clear as quickly as possible, especially if you are near- 
ing the finish of a race. 

Don't waste time and strength in elbowing your rivals. Keep 
your attention on the race. 

Don't hesitate to call the referee's attention to foul tactics. 

Don't skate too near the edge of a track which has been 
cleared through a snow-covered stretch of ice. A thrust wider 
than usual may reach into the banked snow and throw you out 
of your stroke, or at least, affect your speed to some extent. 

Don't fail to breathe deeply and regularly. 

Don't hold your head up. The lower your body, the less 
resistance it offers to the air. 

Don't lose an inch of space at the start. Keep well poised 
and on the alert for the pistol shot. 

Don't pay any attention whatever to the shouts of the spec- 
tators. They may merely be trying to disconcert you. Skate 
3^our own race at all times. 

Don't turn your head when in a quick spurt in a "bunched" 
field. At this time you must devote every attention to your own 
position, etc., in order to keep to your feet. 

Don't neglect to watch carefully the ice in front. A small 
crack or the tiniest twig will suffice to trip the unwary 
skater. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 35 

Don't fail to judge keenly the movements and probable in- 
tentions of your antagonists. Meet speed with speed, cunning 
with cunning, fairness with fairness. 

Don't give up a race simply because you slip or fall and lose 
possibly a hundred feet or so. Remember that the race is never 
over until the tape is crossed, and that many a stout heart has 
plucked victory from a seemingly forlorn hope. 

Don't stand idly about after a race. Perspiration that dries in 
the cold will stiffen you, and may result in pleurisy, pneumonia 
or rheumatism. 

Don't talk or shout unnecessarily during a race. You waste 
needed breath and unconsciously raise your head and shoulders, 
meeting the wind squarely. 

Don't skate yourself "all in" at the beginning of a race. Re- 
serve wind and strength for a final spurt. 

Don't burden yourself with extra flesh. Train down without 
sapping strength. 

Don't wear garters or suspenders in contests. They hinder 
movements of muscles and retard circulation. Full length tights 
are always preferable. 

Don't forget, if your ankles are weak, to brace them with 
strong supporters, in addition to mere straps. A strap exerts 
pressure on some one or two spots in particular. An ankle sup- 
port spreads the strain over a comparatively large surface. Also 
it gives a feeling cf comfort to the foot. 

"Don't "warm up" too extensively before a race. You are apt 
to tire yourself unduly. Moderation in all things except speed 
after the pistol sounds, should be your motto. 

Don't talk extensively with friends during rests between races. 
Save your wind and quiet your nerves. Lie down on a couch in 
a warm part of the clubhouse. Close your eyes and relax your 
muscles while your trainer massages. 

Don't keep on your skating costume between races. Take it 
off and be massaged while the tights are being dried. 

Don't smoke or chew tobacco, or drink intoxicants. "I never 
smoked a cigar or a cigarette, or drank a drop of whiskey in my 
life," says Champion Johnny Nilsson. 




JOHNNY NILSSON'S RACING STROKE 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 37 

Don't fail to get a good night's rest before a race, and, of 
course, you would not overload your stomach. 

Don't take much stock in stories that your opponents arc in 
poor shape, that the doctor says they should be home in bed 
that they have trained only a day or two for a race. They may 
be just the ones to catch you napping at the finish and give 
you a merry "ha, ha" as you follow them across the line. 

Don't be over-confident. Especially at the finish, even when 
you consider yourself to have a commanding lead, maintain youi 
highest speed. Many a race has been won and lost in the last 
fifty yards. Sometimes a skater straightens himself, slacken.^ 
pace, and casts backward a triumphant smile, only to have a 
strong finisher go by him on --^o. jump, and corral first honors. 



"" n 



If 



W. H. MERRITT OF VERONA. LAKE SKATING CLUB 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 39 



HOW TO TRAIN FOR RACING 

BV iMUKRIS WOOD, OF LONG liRANCII CITY, N. J., FoHMKK 
AMATEUR CHAMPION SPEED SKATER. 



When a candidate for speed skating honors decides that he 
will increase his collection of medals and add to the records 
he has captured, then must he apply time and attention diligently 
toward the obtaining of his object, or objects, as the case may be. 
For, as all skaters well know, the winning of an important race 
is no easy task. Against you are men of varying ages that have 
probably spent years in competition. In championship matches, 
this is the inevitable situation. They are not to be "bluffed" or 
"jollied." They have strength and endurance. Their lungs are 
deep and broad, their hearts sound, and their nerves tingling 
for the fray. These qualities, you and I also must number 
among our possessions if we would shine in stellar skating cir- 
cles. How are we to obtani them? Hew are we to retain them 
when once these physical attributes become ours? These, and 
other questions confront us and I will draw from my varied ex- 
periences in an endeavor to satisfactorily reply to them. 

Proper training is the secret of speed skating, after, of course, 
the principles of icecraft have been mastered. Naturally, all the 
training that could be crowded into a month of arctic days, 
where at times the sun doesn't rise for months, would not serve 
to make a skater of a man that can't lift one blade from the 
ice without falling. 

To derive the greatest benefits from training you should be 
systematic. Have a stated time for performing each phase of 
your work, and stick to this programme day by day, increasing 
its severity, perhaps, as the date of a competition draws 
near. 

When the winter opens, begin by building up to, or working 
down to, your best racing weight and spend all the time possi- 
ble in the open air. Force the stiffness from your muscles and 



Spalding s Athletic Libraiy. 41 

joints by comparatively long spins, at a moderate rate of speed. 
At Long Branch, where I was born and brought up, 1 go out on 
th« Shrewsbury River, famed for iceboating and skating, alike, 
as soon as the first thick coating forms and proceed to work 
gradually into form, just as a horseman puts a trotter through 
preliminary "work outs," in preparing for the grand circuit. 

When a few days have passed and the delicate muscles and 
other tissues have become accustomed to the exercise, I skate 
more speedily. I go out both in the morning and in the after- 
noon, for say an hour each time. During the first half hour I 
skate somewhat leisurely and for the remainder of the period, 
devote myself to "scorching" down the river at high speed. A 
spurt back to my original -starting point finishes the programme. 
My rubber now takes me in charge. A brisk rubdown leaves 
me feeling refreshed in spite of my exertions. 

So far as fcod is concerned, I do not follow any particular 
scheme of diet. I don't go to excess in eating pastry, candies 
or extremely starchy foods. I find the best all-around plan is 
to trust to good judgment and to eat simple things that do not 
keep me awake at night or give me the dreaded "collywobbles" 
of childhood days. 

Every skater with speeding ambitions should sleep not less 
than eight hours eyery night. He should take particular care 
not to waste his strength. Cigarette smoking is certain to prove 
a hindrance as it injures the lungs. Deep breathing is essential 
to speed Mid lasting powers, therefore, anything that harms the 
lungs immediately decreases swiftness. 

Walking and running are admirable exercises for the skater. 
Many of the same muscles are brought into play by these move- 
inents. I would also suggest running backwards to men who 
want to put their spare moments to good advantage. 

The speed skater's training should be such as gives supple, 
elastic muscles, rather than that which hardens and knots the 
tissues. The latter sort are not adapted to swiftness. They are 
not easily flexed and continued exercise like that involved in 
a skating race tires them rapidly. The elastic muscle, however, 
flexes readily and promotes endurance. Athletes quick of 




IMPROPER POSITION IN THE SPREAD EAGLE -THE HEAD IS 
TURNED DOWNWARD 



'Spalding' s Athletic Library. 43 

mpvemeiit arc never adorned with heavy, iron-like, muscles. The 
muscle-bound man moves hkc an ox in comparison. 

Add variety to yonr training operations in a manner that will 
ncU detract from their vahie as a system. For instance, after a 
burst of speed straightaway, cut a circle, a wide one or a narrow 
one, as you choose, first with left foot over, then with the right 
foot over. Cutting a circle by carrying the left foot to the right 
of the right f'jot, is found to be more difficult than the opposite 
movement. 

Again you may cut circles backward, either to the left or to 
the right. While these maneuvers, like many others that might 
be mentioned, have no direct usage in racing, yet they aid in 
developing the skating muscles and m teaching a man to feel 
at home under all circumstances. 

Nine out of ten skaters hold their bands in back of them- 
selves wdiile racing, resting one m the other, or clasping the 
wrist, and resting the hands on the back, over the hips. If you 
follow this plan, and it is recognized by the leading experts to 
be the most advisable, make use of it while training. At t:mes 
you. may swing your arms at the sides or diagonally downward 
across the breast, for the sake of variety. Hold to the pre- 
scribed style in racing, however. Some foreign racers, there 
are, that have a peculiar fashion of straightening their arms, one 
pointing forward, in a line with the head and shoulders, the 
other backward in a straight line. 




HERR N. PANIN, CHAMPION OF RUSSIA, 
Winner Olympic Special Figure Contest, London, 1908. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 45 




Dancing has been termed "the poetry of motion," but the 
phrase is much more apphcable to skating, especially figure 
skating. The figure skater possessing that indefinable something 
called "good form" is as graceful a sight as can be found in 
days of travel, and the surpassing, ease with which he manipu- 
lates his feet would seem to lure one to imitate him. 

Many people consider all skaters as one class of athletes. 
They know too little of the vast difference between the methods 
of the speed expert and those of the figure star and work on the 
theory that the racing man must also be an able executor of 
fancy strokes, simply because he is proficient in track contests 
and vice versa. Nothing could be more fallacious. You might 
as well believe a billiard champion to be a formidable pool 
player, through the fact that he understands the use of a cue. 
Figure and speed skating are separate arts, just as billiards is in 
nowise similar to pool. 

The figure skater is more of what might be termed an artist 
than is the speed performer. He is credited in competitions for 
the carriage and balance of his body, the facility with which he 
cuts figures, the accuracy of his strokes, etc., etc. His racing 
brother, on the contrary, wins by crossing the finish line first, 
irrespective of the technical perfection of his stroke, or the de- 
gree of development toward the mastery of what constitutes 
good form. Of course, the carefully trained, scientific racer 
economizes in strength and wind by following approved, and 
hence, improved methods, but his glory and gold medals are 
the rewards of strength, speed and endurance, nevertheless. 

The beginner in figure skating finds the approach to this fas- 
cinating pastime, hedged by difficulties. Unless he is deter- 
mined to succeed he will never rise above mediocrity, which 
condition every right-minded person should abhor in any branch 





^..^€^ 




'-"m 



MOllRIrf WOOD. ON HIS SPALDING TUBULAR RACING 
SKATES. READY TO START AGAINST A WORLD'S RECORD. 
100 yards straightaway, 9 3-5s.; 220 yards, 19s. 
Records: 75 yards straightaway, S l-5s.; 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 47 

;if endeavor. First, the l)eginner must learn what to do, next 
how to do it, and then, hnw to do it perfectly.- Lastl}^ he must 
practice faithfully, so that his muscles will receive necessary 
training, that his balance and poise will be improved, and his 
knowledge of figures made comprehensive. One figure leads to an- 
other, just as arithmetic paves the way for algebra and geometry in 
scliool. Simple strokes graduate into the combinations, and these 
in turn, merge into the complex. Only he that has a trustworthy 
knowledge of the skating alphabet, will force himself into the 
higher circles of competition and accomplishment. Therefore, take 
time by the forelock and build your reputation on a firm foundation. 

''Imitate the leaders" is the rule laid down for beginners in 
many lines of athletics, and, to some extent, it is a good one 
for ambitious figure skaters. Single out- some expert and watch 
him so closely that he may suspect you of being a detective on 
his track. But do not sacrifice your own individuality in your 
style. Books will also prove of valuable aid, and do not neg- 
lect the advice of your superiors whenever they are so kind as to 
relieve their minds of gems of skating wisdom. The studying of 
diagrams and cf photos of skaters in action is also certain to 
be of aid. Diagrams show accurately the movements af the 
blades on the ice. They are a source of information and interest 
even to the greatest of figure experts. 

In the previous edition of this book the author spoke with 
special referer.ce tn beginners as follows : 

"The practice of skating requires that those who wish to be 
proficient, should begin at an early period of life and endeavor 
to throw off the fear which always attends the commencement 
of an apparently hazardous amusement. The beginner, how- 
ever, though fearless, must not be violent. He will probably 
on his first essay, scramble about for a little while, during 
which he must not let his feet get apart, and even more care- 
fully keep his heels together. He must also keep the ankle of 
the foot on the ice quite firm; neither should he attempt to 
gain the edge of the skate by bending, as is commonly done. 
The only right mode to either edge, is by the inclination of the 
whole body in the direction required. The leg which is on the 
ke should be kept perfectly straight ; that wdiich is ofif the ice 




CHAMPION MORRIS WOOD'S RACING STROKE (FRONT VIEW) 



Spaldiftgs Athletic Library. 49 

should be also kept straight, though not stiff, the toe pointing 
downwards and the heel about twelve inches from the other. 
Look at neither ice nor feet to see how they perform ; keep the 
body and face rather elevated. When once off, bring both feet 
up together, and strike again when steady; but do not in these 
early practicings, allow both feet to be on the ice together. As 
the legs are raised, so must be the arms, but contrariwise, so that 
the arm and leg of the same side be not raised together. Prac- 
titioners will soon acquire a facility of moving on the inside, and 
when they have done this, they must endeavor to acquire the 
movement on the outside of the skates ; which is nothing more 
than throwing themselves upon the outer edge of the skate and 
making the balance ( f their body tend toward that side. At the 
commencement of the outside stroke, the knee of the employed 
limb should be a little bent, and gradually brought to a rectilinear 
position when the stroke is completed. Care should be taken to 
use very little muscular exertion, for the impelling motion 
should proceed from the mechanical impulse of the body thrown 
in such a position as to regulate the impulse. At taking the out- 
side stroke the body ought to be thrown forward easily, the un- 
employed limb kept in a direct line with the body, and the face 
and eyes looking directly forward; the unemployed foot ought 
to be stretched toward the ice, wnth the toes in a direct line 
with the leg. In the time of making the curve, the body must 
be gradually and almost imperceptibly raised, and the unem- 
ployed limb brought in the same manner forward, so that at 
finishing the curve, the body will be bent a small degree back- 
vvard, and the unemployed foot will be about two inches before 
the other, ready to embrace the ice and form a corresponding 
curve. The muscular movement of the body must '.correspond 
with the movement of the skate, and should be regulated so as 
to be imperceptible to the spectators. Particular attention should 
be paid in carrying round the eyes and head with a regular 
motion, for nothing so diminishes the grace and elegance of skat- 
ing as sudden jerks and exertions, which are too frequently used 
by the generality of skaters. The management of the arms also 
deserves attention." 




RACING AT SARANAC LAKE. 



Spalding's Athletic Library, 



51 




The false ideas held by the uninitiated in regard to skating 
are numerous enough to fill several volumes and not the least 
among them is the supposition that on the manipulation of the 
feet entirely depends the success or failure of a figure skater. 
The truth of the matter is that balance and the adaptation of 
the position of the body to the best needs of the intended 
maneuver are the elements that contribute principally to accept- 
able work with the glistening steel runners. When you see on 
the ice a man that gives no attention to the position of the body, 
but acts on the principle that the feet should start or change 
impetus to another direction, put him down as a novice. The 
correct method is to make the body turn the feet. The tail does 
not swing the elephant ; no more should the feet swing the 
figure skater, except in some few instances. 

To succeed as a figure skater learn to obtain the maximum 
of impetus with a minimum of movement of the feet, arms and 
legs. Give particular attention to turns, making of your body a 
sort of a pendulum. Every turn in which is involved a change 
from one edge of the skate to another can be executed without 
unusual difficulty. As you are about to turn, your body should 
be shifted to the direction of th^ curve that will result from 
the turn. When this line of action is followed, no alteration 
of position becomes necessary after the turn has been effected. 
A novice having acquired the power of skating the outside 
edge, is fired with the ambition of accomplishing the three. He 
knows that an ordinary three is composed of a curve of out- 
side edge, that to make the turn the skate has to be reversed, 
bringing him to an inside back, and if he has never been in- 
structed, he will proceed on the outside curve ; and his body 
being retained, in the position for that edge, he will make a 




T. A. FINDLAYSON, Hemment. Photo. 



Spaldhi^'s Athletic Library. 53 

spasmodic effort to twist his skate round, with the result that 
he will probably fall. Now watch the adept: When, just at the 
turn, the whole body from the hip upward is gradually turned so 
as to be in the position suitable for the curve on which he will 
find himself after the skate is reversed. In fact, the change is 
effected by the swing of the balance foot more than by the turn- 
ing of the body. 

In olden times when every one used square heeled skates, a 
stoppage was effected by elevating the toe part ot one or both 
feet, and so digging in the heel ; but with the modern skate, 
which has rounded heels, this is no longer practicable, and if 
necessary to stop suddenly, the skater turns sidewavs and forces 
the edges of his skates into the ice (shown in photo on page 32) 
at right angles to the line of progress. But an absolute stop is 
seldom necessary, and a deflection to the right or left is all that 
is then needed. To effect this the skater, keeping his feet parallel, 
leans to the side to which he wishes to go, and the skates run 
round in a curve. 

Hitherto all progress has been made in a forw^ard direction, and 
as figure skaters progress as much backward as forward, it 
IS necessary to learn to skate backward. In going forward 
the skater has to repress the instinct w^hich naturally causes 
him to' put either foot in front as in walking. In attempting to 
skate backward the same trouble arises, and the natural way, 
learned through walking is almost inevitably attempted by the 
beginner ; but the proper method is to stand with feet m.oderately 
close together, and with the toes turned in ; then a shove, with 
say the right foot should be effected, and the body balanced on 
the left, until the force of the stroke is expended, when the 
right should be placed alongside of the left, which now becomes 
the striking foot, and the stroke effected, the glide is made on 
the right, and so on for the position of the feet at starting. At 
first the beginner will find some difficulty in skating backward, 
caused by the fear of leaning sufficiently back on the backward 
glide, but a little practice with short glides to begin with, will 
soon give him confidence. He should then take two or three 
strokes, and endeavor to come round a whole circle on the right 




GEORGE W. KIRNER, OF THE ST. NICHOLAS RINK, 

NEW YORK CITY. 

One of America's Greatest Fijruro Skaters. 



Spa/divQ-'s Athletic Library. 55 

leg. Hitherto ho has been going with his l)ocly square to the Hne 
of progress ; he must now try to turn sideways by throwing 
back the left shoulder, turning out his left foot and knee, and 
keeping the unemployed foot rather behind the right ; the knee 
of the employed foot should then be straightened, and looking 
over the left shoulder he should complete the circle ; and the 
same practice should be given to the left foot, and then a whole 
circle on either foot without any intermediate strokes should 
be tried. Remember, that when changing feet, the swing of the 
balance foot gives the impetus. 

The underlying features of figure skating are the curve and the 
spin, although what has been termed the flying turn and the 
toe spin or pirouette, are also to be reckoned with as important 
elements of the skater's art. 

The curve is best known as the edge, owing to the fact that 
the performer inclines to eitlier side in executing any of its 
variations, thus cutting into the ice with the sharp edge of the 
blade. The various edges are described later on and illustrated 
by Figs. 18, 19, 20 and 21. In executing a spin; that is, a simple 
one, the flat of the blade is the apex, w^hile in the pirouette, the 
skater pivots sharply, making use only of the toe point of the 
skate. In most instances the skates favored for figure work, 
by experts, are equipped with a sharp steel barb, especially 
adapted to this purpose. 

The flying turn is generally called a jump. 




Spalding's Athletic Library. 

FIGURES USED IN COMBINATIONS, 
AND OTHERS 



THE SIMPLE SERPENTINE, THE THREE, COUNTER- 
THREE, ROCKERS, COUNTERS, PIROUETTES, ETC. 

In order to add variations of the complete figures to your 
repertoire you must learn the elementary movements that are 
used in practically all of the more advanced maneuvers. 

THE SERPENTINE. 
Point wher& 

Edge changes 



FIG. l-SIMPLE SERPENTINE 

First we will take up the serpentine. The simple serpentine 
—that on one foot — consists of two curves, one on the outside 
edge and one on the inside edge. These, of course, may be 
repeated or continued indefinitely. The direction is not changed. 

THE TURN (OR THREE). 

Point where edge 
and direction 

FIG. 2-SINGLE THREE ; 

The simple turn, or single three, consists of a change of edge 
and direction on a single blade by whirling toward either hand, 
according to the foot that is employed. Thus you may change 
from the right outside forward to the right inside backward, 
or from the left outs)de forward to the left inside backward, etc. 




FRED LOGAN. Hemment. Photo. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 59 

THE COUNTER THREE. 

Point where edge 
and direction 
^^"^-"""'^^ *^ change 

FIG. 3-COUNTER THREE OR BRACKET 

The counter three is often termed the bracket. In this the 
direction and edge are changed. Start say on the right outer 
edge, forward, slanting to the left somewhat, swerving slightly 
to the right as you approach a point at whi«h you face the toe 
of the right skate to the left and turn to the right inner edge, 
backward. Duplicate in reverse order the curves of your ap- 
proach to the turning point, forming a bracket. The counter 
three on the left foot is executed in a similar manner, changing 
from the left outside forward to the left inner backward. 

TWOTHREETURNS,ORTHE HALF DOUBLE THREE. 



Edge^.^^y 


>. ,.-^^y^ 


and /^ 


*^ and 


.direction ( 


j direction 


cTidnge ^ 


y eliange 



FIG. 4-A HALF DOUBLE THREE 

To execute a half double three, circle to the right on the righl 
outside forward. Duplicate the simple figure three in a continu- 
ous swerve to the right. Finish with a strong, clean cut semi- 
circle, as shown in the diagram. 

^^\^^^"',Edge and 
^^\/ direction! 
\ change 



FIG. 5-HALF DOUBLE THREE. WITH CURVES NOT SO DEEP 
AS IN FIG. 4. 



»6o Spalding* s Athletic Library. 

The half-double three is one of the most difificult of execution 
of any figures of their general description. The natural swing 
and inclination of the skater ir his rotation must be interrupted, 
or temporarily suspended, in order to cut the prescribed figure. 



THE DOUBLE THREE. 

Points where 
edge and 
direction 
change 

FIG. 6-DOUBLE THREE 

The double three, as shown in the diagram, consists of a pair 
of simple threes cut continuously. Their general trend may form 
a semi-circle. The last stroke, which completes the figure, 
should be bold and well defined. Practice will enable you to 
have considerable impetus at the conclusion of this figure. 




THE ROSE (ENGLISH). 




FIG. 7-THE ROSE (ENGLISH). 

Multiply your threes or turns, swerving to the right on the 
right foot, and you will form a "rose." In reality, this figure 
is a continuation of a double three around to a full circle. Make the 
turns uniform and distinct. Each forward and each backward 
stroke should be equal in size. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 6l 

THE ENGLISH ROCKING TURN, OR "BROKEN-BACKED 
THREE." 




FIG. 8-ENGLISH ROCKING TURN OR " BROKEN BACKED THREE " 

The English rocking turn, sometimes called the "broken- 
backed three," is a difficult maneuver. It leaves on the ice a 
figure very similar to a shark's tooth. This turn is often used in 
combination in intricate figures as well as in some of the com- 
paratively simple ones. 

The start of the rocking turn is the same as that of the cross 
cut. Continue on the same edge after coming into the second 
stroke of the cross cut and you will form the rocking turn. 



THE ROCKER, OR AMERICAN ROCKING TURN. 




FIG. 9-THE AMERICAN ROCKING TURN, ON THE OUTSIDE 
FORWARD EDGE 

Rocking turns are movements begun and finished entirely on 
one edge. However, the skater changes from a forward to a 
backward stroke. 

To execute rocking turns, say of outside forward, go ahead, 
using a stroke similar to that adopted in the roll. Carry the 
balance foot slightly back, at first, but bring it forward across 
the employed foot as your direction changes. 



62 



Spatding*s Athletic Library. 



At the finish of the figure the balance foot is back and some 
distance apart from the employed foot. 




PIG. 10-OUTSIDE BACKWARD ROCKING TURN 

In a rocking turn of outside backward, begin on the outside 
edge backward, and hold the balance foot in front of the employed 
leg until direction is changed to forward. 

At the point where direction changes, carry the balance foot 
somewhat toward the left. Do not change this position of the 
balance foot again. 

THE LOOP. 



FIG. 11-RUNNING LOOPS 



In the loop, starting say, on the right outside edge, forward, 
cut a small oval or loop by swerving sharply to the right, chang- 
ing front, of course, but not edge nor direction. The loop on 
the left outside forward edge is cut in exactly the same way, 
curving to the left. The balance foot is carried across the em- 
ployed foot from 10 to 14 inches from the ice. 

THE RINGLET AND RINGLET TURN. 



/: 




FIG. 12-RINGLETS 



Spalding s Athletic Library, 63 

The ringlet is very much like the loop, only it is perfectly 
round. Also, the curve before and after the loop is deep, while 
in the ringlet it at times is gradual. The ringlet turn is a half 
circle, say on the right outside forward, to the right, followed 
by a ringlet, after which you must swing to the right inner edge 
and duplicate the half circle by a curve to the right. Like the 
three, the rocker and other moves, there is a counter to the 
ringlet turn in which the loop is cut to the left, when on the 
right outer forward edge. The shoulders swing or rotate to 
the right. Ringlets lap over each other and are about one foot 
in diameter^ 

THE PIROUETTES. 
• 

Point where the 

Spinning Maneuver 
is introduced 

PIG. 13-THE PIROUETTE 

X^^^^Spin al this -point 

FIG. 14-THE PIROUETTE LOOP 

Pirouette movements are very numerous. They require an 
absolute nicety of balance. The simple pirouette is performed 
by cutting a figure three, making the turn by spinning or rotat- 
ing on the point of the skate edge, direction and front are 
shifted. You may make merely a half spin, rotate one and a 
half times, or even more, before continuing the movement, if you 
have sufficient impetus. The pirouette can be combined with a 
loop if so desired. Make a loop and insert the pirouette at the 
outward swing of the loop, exactly opposite the point where the 
engaged foot completes the oval. The counter pirouette abol- 
ishes the three to a great extent, making the figure more of a 
serpentine, with the spin in the middle. Shift direction and 
frpnt. Hold to the same edge throughout. 



64 Spalding' s Athletic Library. 

A forward outside spin is usually commenced on a 
forward inside, when a change is made to outside, and the un- 
employed foot is lifted up almost as high as the knee of the un- 
employed, and swung round it for the purpose of giving rotation. 
An inside forward spin is usually commenced by a back outside 
and a turn to forward inside, which places the .skater hard 
on the edge and at the same time impalrts rotation. A back 
inside spin is usually begun by a forward inside, from which 
turn is made to back outside and the spin completed ; the 
diagram of this figure is the same as the last, but with the 
foot going forward instead of backward. And the inside spin 
is usually done commencing with a forward outside and then 
a turn as in the ordinary three. Some skaters finish off these 
spins by raising themselves on the toe, and continuing the rota- 
tion until they are stopped by the front point of the skate boring 
a hole in the ice. The two-foot spin is more graceful, as there 
is no swinging of the unemployed leg. The forward two-foot 
spin is commenced by a curve of outside, which is changed to 
inside, and then the left foot being turned in is put down on the 
inside edge, and the arms being extended at nearly right 
angles to the body, are thrown round with the body to the 
left, and at the same moment the feet are pulled together. 
As soon as the rotation is imparted, the arms are gradually 
brought down to the sides. Although the knees and body 
must be slightly bent before the spin is started, they must 
both be straightened as soon as the rotation begins, and if the 
balance is maintained correctly a man will rotate possibly four- 
teen or fifteen times. At the start he will spin so rapidly that 
his features will be indistinguishable. 

A two-foot pirouette or spin backward is usually begun by 
an approach on the outside edges, turning to back inside when 
rotation is to begin. At this turn swing your body and arms to 
the right. If one can execute the forward two-foot spin either 
to the right or left he will find the backward spins or pirouettes 
similar to the forward figures. For instance, a forward spin 
to the right is a back spin to the left, and a forward spin to the 
left is a back spin to the right. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library, 65 

THE CROSS-CUT. 




FIG. 15-THE CROSS CUT 

. Frequently termed the anvil, the cross-cut is not one of the 
many figures executed with continuous movement. At a given 
point advance is checked and progress is started in a new direc- 
tion. There is no change of edge, however. I will describe a 
cross-cut on the right outside forward edge. Cut a half circle 
on this edge, swerving to the right. Come to a full stop and aided by 
swinging of balance foot, go backward on original foot. Stop when 
3'ou have gone back twice as far as the depth of the semi-circle 
and go forward, cutting another half circle, bearing to your 
right. This second half circle should cut into and out of the 
first circle, forming a perfect oval in a direct line wi"th the 
middle of the cross-cut — the cut or line connecting the upper 
ends of the half circles. 

In skating the cross-cut the unemployed leg must be kept 
behind until the base of the figure is completed, and then 
swung rapidly forward. At first the base of the cross-cut will 
be very short and straight, but with practice it can be en- 
larged two or three feet, and then it will have a considerable 
curve of the true rocker t3'pe, and this is the correct form of 
the figure. Small cross-cuts can be skated alternately with Joops, 
or four cross-cuts can be skated in the form of a Maltese Cross, 
or they can be inserted in a continuous eight. The cross-cut 
from the inside edge does not come with the ease that it does 
from the outside, because the unemployed leg cannot be swung 
in a way to impart rotation, and in skating inside cross cuts, 
the skater comes more obviously to a stop before and after 
the drawback, and comes forward or backward, as the case 



66 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



may be, more by kicking out the unemployed leg than by 
swinging it as in the outside cross-cut. 

There is a curious form of cross-cut which is Swedish in 
origin, but even in Sweden, those who can skate it are very 
few; the peculiarity of it is, that the base is the opposite way 
to the base of an ordinary cross-cut. It is accomplished by 
coming to a standstill, and then getting impulse by kicking out 
the unemployed leg, it comes easier from the inside than from 
the outside edge. 

The cross-cut is said by several authorities to have had its 
foundation in the double three, which is just what its name 
signifies. 

THE ROLLS. 




FIG. 16-EIGHT? 
CONSISTING OF 
FOUR ROLLS, IN 
DEVELOPMENT 



Right outside ^^"^ Left outside 
forward --^J \ hackYfard 



Right outside 
backward ^ 



1 J- 



left outside 
forward 



FIG. 17-FIGURE EIGHT CONSISTING OF FOUR 
ROLLS 



Rolls, in themselves, are comparatively simple figures, but 
they are worked into many combinations, some of them rank- 
ing among the most difficult of all skating maneuvers. The 
rolls are the outer edge, forward and backward, on the right 
and the inner edge, forward and backward on the right foot, 
and the same four on the left foot. Rolls are designated ac- 
cording to direction and to the edge used, such as the outside 
t;dge roll forward, the inside edge roll, backward, etc. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



67 



When an "edge" is carried to its full extent it is a roll. For 
instance, a complete outside edge forward is an outside edge 
roll. Among the comparatively simple combinations of rolls are 
various eights, such as the one shown in Fig. 17. In Fig. 16 
this eight is shown in process of development. 



Right outside 



Riaht outsid& 



Li ne of f 
Advance jfient 



Kight out 



Left outside Left outsidQ 

FIG. 18-OUTSIDE EDGE ROLL, FORWARD 



Stmight 
line of 

Advancement 



left inside 



left inside 



Right inside Right inside 

FIG. 19-INSIDE EDGE ROLL, FORWARD 



Right inside 




Left Inside 

FIG. 20- INSIDE EDGE ROLL, BACKWARD 



Left outside 



Right outside 

FIG. 21-OUTSIDE EDGE ROLL. BACKWARD 



68 Spalding s Athletic Library. 

Rolls, in order to be accurate, must be cut along an imaginary 
line, shown in Figs. i8, 19, 20 and 21 by dots. The general 
line of advancement is straight and the beginning and end of 
each curve or roll should come close to the imaginary line. 
Thus the curves will alternate to either side of it and preserve 
the uniformity of the figure. 

After making sure that he has trained himself well in the rudi- 
mentary principles of forward and backward skating, the stu- 
dent of figure tactics should practice the outer and inner edges 
which have been mentioned previously. After conquering them a 
long stride forward will have been attained 

The best way of acquiring the outside edge is to take a few 
vigorous strokes, and then bring his feet alongside of each 
other, and allowing them to glide round, so forming a large 
circle. If the direction in which the circle is made is to the 
right, the right foot will be on the outside edge, and the principal 
support will come from the inside, but it should be the study 
of the learner to get his weight on the right and gently lift up 
the left. 

At first he will only be able to go a very little way on the 
right, but he can bring forward the . left and place it in front 
of right on the inside edge, and take up the right; and then 
,when he is steady on the left again he must put down the right, 
and so on. When he can do this (which is called treading the 
circle), fairly well to the right, he should reverse the order, and 
do a similar treading the circle to the left. As he progresses 
he will find the glide on the outside edge will gradually become 
longer, and he should not be satisfied until he can finish up 
each treading the circle with a whole circle of outside, taking 
care, if on the right leg, to throw the right shoulder back, and if 
on the left, the left shoulder back. This throwing back of 
shoulders places the skater -in a sideways position, which is 
the correct one for any edge, and he should now make 
an outside curve with either foot alternately in the form of 
an eight. 

The manner in which these alternate strokes of outside edge 
are skated is all important ; if they are from the commencement 



Spalding' s Athletic Library, 6g 

executed in the proper manner, and in correct attitude the 
learner is on the right road to become a graceful skater. To 
attain an easy and graceful movement on the outside edge, it 
is necessary that each curve should be true from start to finish, 
the true segment of a circle whether large or small, and this 
can only be attained by placing the foot which is about to describe 
a curve, parallel with the foot which has just finished one. At 
the end of a curve, say on the right, when the left is put down 
parallel to it in order to become the gliding foot, the right 
is turned over from outside to inside edge, from which the push- 
off is made. 

There are eight edges in figure skating — the right outside for- 
ward, the left outside forward, the right inside forward, the left 
inside forward, the right outside backward, the left outside back- 
ward, the right inside backward and the left inside backward. 
The next to be considered is the inside edge forward. 



THE INSIDE EDGE FORWARD. 

As in the outside edge forward, directions for either foot will 
answer equally well for the other in describing the inside edge 
forward. In this stroke the impelling force is given by one foot, 
in back of and at an angle with the other. Glide steadily along 
on the inside edge, as may readily be gathered from the title. 

While executing the inside edge forward hold the body erect, 
slanting slightly forward. Keep your weight well balanced over 
the foot in use. Hold the free foot close behind, with the toes 
pointing outward at an angle, very much of an angle. Also see 
that the toes of the disengaged foot are turned downward. The 
hands should swing gracefully at the sides, and may be raised 
to some extent. 

In the inside edges we have the opposite maneuvers to the 
outside edges. They are not so widely used, nor so easily learned, 
comparatively speaking. Inner edge tactics duplicate both for- 
ward and backward the curves of the outside edge. In skating 
the edges do not glance at the feet, nor bend awkwardly from the 
waist; also keep the knees as straight as possible. 



70 Spalding' s Athletic Library. 

THE OUTSIDE EDGE BACKWARD. 

To learn the outside edge backward it will probably be best 
to practice walking backward on the ice, gradually merging into 
a backward serpentine movement on both feet. Then lean your 
weight to, say, the right side, turning to the outer edge of the 
blade of the right skate, and raise the left foot off the surface 
while in motion. Soon you will be able to circle around to the 
right on this foot. Carry the unemployed foot (in this instance 
the left) directly back of the other, toes pointing downward and 
outward. As you complete the stroke on one foot place the other 
on the ice behind it and swing the body to the opposite side, in 
this manner supplying added momentum. Repeat on the foot 
now engaged the maneuver described in the foregoing sen- 
tences. 



TURNS. 



Left inner forward 



Left outer "backward 




Right outer 'Right inner 

forward dstekward 

FIG. 22-A TURN ON TWO FEET 

Having mastered the edges it will be well to consider the 
turns (see also previous descriptions of the various threes), the 
proper execution of which has much to do in determining the 
success or failure of the pupil. First learn to turn, or change 
your direction on two feet. Start on a straightaway course. 
At a convenient point swing your left shoulder forward and 
toward your right-hand side (assuming that you are on your 
right outside and left inside edges), and turn backward to your 
right inside and left outside edges. Your left foot will naturally 
be somewhat in advance of your right when this change of direc- 
tion is made. You can also turn to the other side, changing 
from the right inside forward and left outside forward, to your 
right outside backward and left inside backward. 



Spalding* s Athletic Library. 71 

In addition to the swing of your shoulders, your hips and 
arms may be trained to contribute to your momentum in 
turning. 

Some skaters use this turn in bringing themselves to a stop. 
After changing from forward to backward they point their 
skates outward at a sharp angle and pre^s the inside edges into 
the ice. Others rise on their toes, digging in with the points. 
The simplest method of stopping is to swing your body and 
your skates sharply to either the right or the left, facing to 
right angles of your original course, and to slide along on either 
the outside edge of your left and the inside edge of your right, 
9T vice versa, as circumstances dictate. 

THE EIGHTS. 
Figs, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 2-], 28 and 29. 

'Right ( ^'^^^ forward 



Start 




FIG. 23-AN EASY FIGURE EIGHT 

One of the first endeavors of the beginner is to "cut a figure 
eight." Experts have developed a large number of eights, some 
easy of execution and others requiring ability of the most ad- 
vanced description. We will go into the subject methodically 
and consider the various eights in the order of their intricacy. 

Probably the best known eight is that in which both feet and 
two edges are brought into play, and in which occur no turns 
(technically speaking). One stroke with each foot is required. 
Proceed as follows : 



72 Spalding* s Athletic Library. 

Push off, say with the right blade, and make a complete circle 
on the left forward outer edge. At the completion of the circle, 
continue to the right on the right outside edge (fdrward, of 
course), and return in another circle to your starting place. The 
two circles form a figure eight. Learn to cut each circle perfectly. 
Absolutely correct balance is necessary. Hold the unemployed 
foot behind, and pointing downward, with the knee slightly 
bent. Keep the knee of the employed leg as straight as pos- 
sible. 

When you have become an accomplished figure skater you 
will be able to cut the foregoing eight on the inside forward 
edges in the same manner. 



THE SERPENTINE EIGHT. 




Start 



FIG. 24-THE SERPENTINE EIGHT 

The serpentine eight is skated somewhat as one would draw 
a capital letter S. It may, as is the case with practically every 
eight, be executed on either foot, on any edge, and in either 
direction. Beginning with the right outside forward edge, for 
instance, cut a complete circle, and follow into another circle, 
returning to the point where you completed the first circle. Now 
change to the left inside forward, and continue on the same 
course marked by the right. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 
THE ROCKER EIGHT. 



73 




FIG. 25-A ROCKER EIGHT 

In what is known as the "rocker eight," a turn, or a "rocker,*' 
as indicated in the above diagram, is interpolated in the middle 
of the figure, 

THE COUNTER EIGHT. 




FIG. 26— COUNTER EIGHT 

In the counter eight the turn used in the rocker eight is 
replaced by a counter, or, as frequently termed, a counter rock- 
ing turn. 

These eights of two lobes differ from the eights executed by 
Europeans, who, on the contrary, prefer to make them in three 
lobes, or "three-lobe eights." 



74 Spatding^s Athletic Library. 

THE "ONE-FOOT" AND OTHER CONTINUOUS EIGHTS 




FIG. 27-THE 
'ONE FOOT" EIGHT 




FIG. 28- 
THE LOOP EIGHT 



FIG. 29-THE 
CROSS CUT EIGHT 



The one-foot eight is one of the many figures of this general 
nature that come under the head of continuous eights. Others 
are the "four edge," "bracket," "loop," "Cross-cut" eights, etc. 
Rocker and the counter eights can also be classified in this sec- 
tion. 

In the one-foot eight there is no change of direction. One- 
half of the figure is executed on the inside edge, the other on 
the outside edge. In the continuous rocker and counter eights 
there is no change of edge, and one of the lobes of figure is 
made forward, the remaining lobe backward. Impetus is given 
by a twist of the body and the swing of the balance foot, etc., at 
the point where the change of front occurs. 

Many skaters prefer to change front, or execute the turns in 
the middle of the eight, but authorities agree that the easiest 
method is to make them at the point where the line of the cir- 
cumference of each lobe swings furthest outward. You must 
have ankles that are absolutely trustworthy in every respect to 
perform continuous eights with good form. Strength and flexi- 
bility must be there. Perfect balance is impossible to do with- 
out. 



Spalding's Athletic Library, 75 

THE FOUR-EDGE EIGHT. 

The four-edge eight is one of the continuous eights having 
four curves. Others there are having six curves, etc. To per- 
form a four-edge eight, start at a given point and cut a half 
circle on say, the right outside forward, turning with a three 
at the end of the roll, to the right inside backward and com- 
pleting, with two curves, the first circle of the eight. Instead 
of stopping here, however, you should have sufficient impetus to 
carry you along on the right outside backward edge, making the 
change of edge on the finishing of the first circle. Cut a half 
circle, roll, or curve, as you may choose to call it, on the outside 
backward edge, and change to the right inside forward, with 
which you complete the figure. You are now ready to change 
to the right outside forward and repeat the entire series of 
maneuvers. 

THE BRACKET EIGHT. 
To execute the bracket eight, another continuous four-curve 
eight, make the same changes of edge, etc., as in the four-edge 
figure. In the bracket eight, however, substitute a bracket, or 
counter-three at the turns in place of the three-turn used in the 
four-edge eight. 

THE LOOP EIGHT. 

As may readily be imagined a loop eight is one in which a 
loop takes the place of the bracket and the three in the four- 
edge and bracket eights. The loop eight is another continuous 
four-curve eight. Execute it as follows : 

Start with, say, the right forward outside edge and circle to 
the right. At the extreme outside swing of the circumference 
make a loop, as shown in the diagram referred to. In this loop 
you make a change of front and a complete rotation, but you do 
not change edge or direction. Finish the circle (half of the 
eight) on the outside forward, as you began. Shift to the right 
inside forward edge as you merge into the second circle of the 
figure, inserting a loop as before, and ending the eight on th^ 
right inside forward edge. 



76 Spalding's Athletic Library, 

THE CROSS-CUT EIGHT. 

The cross-cut eight is an intricate figure and is more difficult 
than the four-edge, the bracket or the loop eight. One-half is 
cut on the outside forward edge and the other on the inside for- 
ward, but the insertion of the cross-cut necessitates a change to 
the outside backward edge in making the short straight line of 
the cross-cut in the first half, and a change to the inside back- 
ward edge in the cross-cut in the half cut on the inside forward 
edge. Considerable momentum must, of course, be supplied to 
carry the skater along continuously. Exactly the same changes 
of edge are made in the counter cross-cut eight. In the double 
three eight a double three is executed in each lobe of the figure. 
Four edges are used, the outside forward, inside backward, in- 
side forward and outside backward. 



outside 



forward 



THE MOHAWKS (OR CUT-OFFS). 
Left outside 



CZo 



oSZ^ 




y.^ forward 
outside ^ 

haciiward 



033 



l^iglit outside 
backward 




<:co 



FIG. 30-THE MOHAWK. 
STARTING WITH RIGHT FOOT 



FIG. 31-THE MOHAWK, START- 
ING WITH LEFT OUTSIDE FOR- 
WARD EDGE 



Very effective methods of going from forward to backward 
or backward to fprward on an edge of the same character 
are known as Mohawks. They are performed by spread-eagling 
the feet, and come with facility to those who are able, naturally, 
to turn out their feet sufficiently to get into the spread-eagle 
position (which is that of the feet turned out with the heels 
together), while they are capable of being acquired by those to 
whom this is a difficulty, by careful attention to the position of 
the body at the moment of change. 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 



77 



For the forward Mohawk (outside) the skater proceeds, say 
on a curve of right outside forward, and when he is about to 
effect the change to left outside back, he thrusts back his left 
shoulder and brings forward the left leg in front of the right ; 
then turning tlie toe out as much as possible, swings it round 
and behind the right and places it down on the outside back, 
and at the moment it touches the ice he takes up the right. To 
effect the change the left shoulder has been thrust back, but the 
instant the left. is put down the right shoulder must be turned 
back into the proper position suitable to an outside edge back- 
ward. 

In the inside forward Mohawk you should handle your body 
as in the foreging movements, and starling with the right inside 
forward, change to the left inside backward edge. 

The backward Mohawks are made from outside backward co 
outside forward, and from inside backward to inside forward. 

THE CROSS MOHAWK. 
The cross Mohawk is executed by bringing the unemployed 
foot to the front of the other, and putting it in action. The 
.stroke is not so graceful nor so widely used as is the forward 
figure. Starting with the right outside forward edge you would 
shift to the left outside backward. 

THE CHOCTAWS. 



outside 
forward 



^ 



Left inside 
daekward edge 



c^ 



l^ight- 
Inside 
forward 




^^ outside 
"^^ haekwM 



FIG. 32 -THE CHOCTAW 



FIG. 33-THE CHOCTAW 



The Choctaw maneuvers are somewhat similar to the Mohawks. 
In all there are five Choctaws, the outside and inside forward, 
the outside and inside backward and the' cross Choctaw. 



7h 



Spalding s Athletic Library, 



In the outside forward Choctaw, start on the right foot, hold- 
ing the unemployed left back, with toes pointing to the rear, 
spread-eagle fashion. Curve to the right and put down the 
left foot on the inside backward edge. 

In the inside forward Choctaw curve toward the left on the 
right foot, and curve to the right after changing to the left 
foot. 



left outside 
taekv/ard. 



light outside 
\ for ward 

Joint where 
'''' Edgeehanges 



FIG. 34-THE CHOCTAW. BACKWARD. ON BOTH OUTSIDE EDGES 

The backward Choctaws, the outside and inside, change to in- 
side forward and outside forward, respectively. 

THE CROSS CHOCTAW. 

The cross Choctaw, like the cross Mohawk, is formed by 
carrying the unemployed foot to the front, and involves a change 
of edge. Starting with the right outside forward, shift to the 
left inside backward. Of course you must take care to point 
the toes of the left foot well in toward your body as you put it 
into action. 

THE Q's. 



Oatside^^^ /^\^s. 
Vackwardy ^\ 


Oatside-t 
baekw3rd\ 


r 

V 


^6 


yr-inside 
) backward 


^^\nside 




V 


•^^ 


^ 


Outsidc..^/ >^"^^' 








i^— inside 
ij forward 


forward V 








^^ 




ffC? — ^ 




FIG. 35-THE FORWARD Q 
(OUTSIDE) 


FIG. 


36- 


THE FORWARD Q 
(INSIDE) 



Spalding* s Athletic Library, 79 

The figures known as Q's are popular among figure experts. 
In learning to perform them the first thing you will require is 
the ability to change the edge on either foot. The forward 
Q is commenced on a curve of outside forward, which is 
changed to inside forward when a turn outside back completes 
the figure. 

The inside forward Q is commenced on a curve of inside 
forward, which is changed to outside forward when a turn to 
inside back (the common three) completes the figure. 



^ 




outsideforward 

inside haekY^ard 

oatdidt backward. 
csa>. 

FIG. 37-THE BACKWARD Q 

The back Q is commenced on a curve of outside back, which 
is changed to inside back when a turn to outside forward com- 
pletes the figure. This turn is difficult enough when executed 
from the tail of a forward three, but becomes doubly difficult 
in the back two, as the change of edge preceding the turn is 
apt to make the skater bend forward, in which position the 
turn is impossible, and nothing but assiduous practice, keeping 
the body erect and the head well back, will enable the skater to 
make this turn in good form. 

Q's have come to be known as "three edges" in many sections. 

THE SIMPLE GRAPEVINE AND OTHERS. 

THE SERPENTINES. 

Turns have intimately to do with a majority of skating figures, 
and we will do well to delve deeper into the subject than we have 



8o 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 



thus far in this book. Next in order to the simple turn or three 
described in the previous paragraphs is the simple grapevine, a 
showy but not particularly intricate figure after once under- 
stood. 



oa tsidc 



Lcft^ outside edge 

inside 
Left- 
Right- f msiae cage \outside 

FIG. 38-SIMPLE SERPENTINE ON BOTH FEET 




left 
inside-' 

U 

Right / 
outsi'do 




FIG. 39-THE CHAIN SERPENTINE OR CHAIN STEP 



Right 
outside 



Left 



inside 




change 
,,^of edges 



FIG. 40-THE BACKWARD SERPENTINE 



A knowledge of the simple serpentine bn both feet, the chain 
serpentine (Fig. 39), and the backward serpentine (Fig. 40), 
will render the grapevine easier of understanding. The simple 
serpentine (Fig. 38) consists of going forward with both feet 
parallel on the ice, the right inside edge and the left outside 
edge being used at the same time, and then changing to the right 
outside and the left inside. The two movements are alternated 
quickly. 

The serpentine can also be done on one foot, curving from one 
edge to the other on either skate without changing direction. 



Spalding's Athletic > Library . 8l 

This latter serpentine is the more difificiilt. The chain serpentine 
is made with both skates. Pushing with, for instance, the right 
you progress to the front on the left outside edge, cutting this 
line back of the left foot, with the right outside edge. The 
blades curve toward each other, the right crossing in front of 
the left, and you then change to the left and right inside edges, 
until the curved lines again meet, putting you back on the out- 
side edges. Now% if you combine with the chain serpentine the 
turn before mentioned you have the grapevine in its primary 
form. Any figure skater will tell the pupil that two important 
elem.ents of the grapevine are a swing of the body and a power- 
ful drawing together of the heels. In addition enters a useful 
push with the points or toes of the skates, all of which gives the 
much needed momentum during the cutting of the figure. 

Le/f inside 
'•-^Right inside 

FIG. 41-THE SIMPLE GRAPEVINE 

The simple grapevine (Fig. 41) in its entirety is performed as 
follows : 

As your feet (going backward) approach each other on the in- 
side edges of the skates (thus cutting an oval figure in the ice) 
prepare to change to the outer edges after their lines cross, 
the right foot leading. Change edge and make the next oval, 
continuing the serpentine curve with the left blade, and cutting 
a three with the right, afterward changing to the right inside 
backward. Swing the body strongly, changing to the left inside 
forward to cut with it another three, coming to the left outside 
backward. The curve of the right skate continues crossing the 
line of the left and forming another oval. Then on the right 
outside (backward) edge you cut another three, changing to 
right inside forward with the left, which, in the process, turns 
from the inside backward to the inside forw^ard. 




§2 Spalding*, s Athletic Library. 

In a previous edition of this book the writer gave a detailed 
description of the grapevine which, owing to the importance of 
the figure, both in itself and as a basis for variations and com- 
binations, will now be repeated : 

**It has been said that the grapevines are figures which no 
skater can teach, and the only way the tyro can learn these 
whirls is by watching and imitating some good skater. How- 
ever, a careful study of the following hints will benefit the 
aspiring figurist. The first thing to acquire is the ability of 
getting up speed by passing one foot in front of the other in 
opposing serpentine lines, an action known as the chain step, 
and what should next be done is to cut a serpentine backward. 
The feet should "track" each other. The grapevine can now 
be practiced. Make certain that you keep faced in the same 
direction. Experts suggest that because the skater turns his 
toes out in changing from forward to backward, and vice versa, 
when changing from backward to forward, he would be wise to 
practice for the grapevine by walking sideways on the ice, now 
with the toes turned in, and again with them turned out. These 
positions of the feet have principally to do with the first section 
of the figure." 

The grapevine should be practiced with the right foot leading 
at the start and then with the left foot in front. In the latter 
case advancement will be made to the right. 

THE DOUBLE GRAPEVINE. 

backward 




forward > 



PIG. 42-THE DOUBLE GRAPEVINE WITH A CUPID'S BOW (A 
VARIATION OP THE GRAPEVINE WITH LOOP 

The double grapevine, Figs. 42 and 43, has several variations 
that result in figures that are very interesting, but at the same 
time difficult. In the double grapevine (forward) move the 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 83 

right foot ahead of the left, using a chain step. Then swing the 
body entirely around, making two turns that result in a complete 
revolution. In this maneuver turn twice on the right foot. Be- 
tween the two turns is inserted a loop with the left foot, using 
the inner edge forward, as shown in Fig, 42. The right foot, in 
the words of several writers on skating, forms a sort of a pivot 
for the left during the cutting of the loop. Now, lead with 
the left skate and glide into what are generally the longest 
curves of the figure. Bring the right across the line of the left 
foot (to the rear) and curve gracefully toward the right-hand 
side on the left outside and right outside forward edges. Then 
swerve to the left and turn on the left foot to the left, changing 
to the left inside back edge. Continue and cut another turn with 
the left, changing to the left outer back edge and simultaneously 
cutting a loop with the right foot between the points of the turns, 
using the inner forward edge. 

Thus, you will see, the turns with the left foot duplicate, 
pointing toward the left of the line of advancement, the turns 
of the right foot at the start. Also the right foot repeats the 
loop first cut by the left foot. 

In the double grapevine the impetus is harder to maintain 
than is the case in the single figure. The backward grapevine 
(double), all skaters agree, is far easier than the forward 
maneuver, as turns can be executed more readily. 

THE DOUBLE GRAPEVINE WITH TWO LOOPS. 




FIG. 43-THE DOUBLE GRAPEVINE WITH DOUBLE LOOPS 

In the double grapevine with two loops start as you did in 
the vine figure with one loop and turn to the right with the 
right foot on the outer forward edge, cutting a three and cross- 
ing the line of the right, both before and after finishing the 
three, with the left inside forward edge. This circle'' toward 



84 Spalding s Athletic Library. 

the right, as also does the right foot and hoth cut loops that 
intersect. The loop with the left foot is cut last, overlapping 
the loop cut by the right. Examine Fig. 43 closely. The left 
foot loop is cut with the inside edge. The left foot leads as 
the loops are completed and with it is a three turn, the con- 
cluding line of which is crossed by the line of the right foot, 
which has curved gracefully toward the right from its initial 
loop. The right foot now curves to the left into another three, 
the left foot crossing the right's line to intersect or lap over a 
loop cut toward the left of the line of the whole figure by the 
right foot after the completion of its second three, which also 
points to the left. The left foot continues from its loop into 
another three, etc., etc. To understand fully the double grape- 
vine with double loops, inspect Fig. 43. 

The double grapevine backward is considered to be easier 
of execution than the forward one. Practice of it will reveal to 
the student of skating that the turns can be executed with a 
lesser amount of effort than those of the forward movement, 
etc. 

THE PHILADELPHIA GRAPEVINE (OR TWIST). 

jorwRTd. 

FIG. 44-THE PHILADELPHIA GRAPEVINE. (USUALLY SKATED 
BACKWARDS) 

The Philadelphia grapevine is a variation of the double grape- 
vine. It can be performed either forward or backward. Like 
the double grapevine, however, it is generally considered to be 
cut more easily and accurately when the skater goes backward. 
The chain backward constitutes the opening maneuver of the 
Philadelphia grapevine, when you desire to cut it backward. 
Keep the left foot inside of and behind the right. The legs 
cross. The outer side of both feet will come close to each 
other, nearly touching, in fact. They should be kept as clost 



ackw3.rd 




Spalding's Athletic Library. 85 

to parallel with each other as possible. Now bring the right 
skate back to the right to the outside forward edge. Make this 
movement snappily. Throw the left to a curve of inside for- 
ward. The body thus turns a half revolution. The feet sepa- 
rate. Continue the right outside forward and the left inside 
forward edges toward the right and change to the right inside 
backward and the left outside backward respectively. The lines 
of the skates cross. Execute the long curves marked "A" in 
Fig. 44, changing the right foot to the outside backward edge 
and duplicate, so that they point in the opposfte direction, the 
four-pointed figures, resembling mountain peaks, that you cut 
at the outset. The jerk or flip of the foot at these points must 
be practiced considerably before it can be performed perfectly. 
This figure is also termed, by some, the Philadelphia twist. 

In the jefk or flip of the foot the ankle is twisted sharply 
and the shoulders are thrown in the desired direction to assist 
the turn. 

The forward Philadelphia grapevine duplicates the backward 
figure. Start with the forward chain step. Before you began 
with the backward chain, etc. Study of Fig. 44 will enable you 
to execute it handily. 

Many skaters use the Philadelphia grapevine to connect cir- 
cles of outside backward edge on either the right or the left 
skate. Thus a Philadelphia twist connects two circles, forming 
an eight. 

THE PHILADELPHIA SPREAD-EAGLE GRAPEVINE. 

- <r 




FIG. 45~PHILADELPHIA SPREAD-EAGLE GRAPEVINE 

By using the turn with the feet held close and inserting a 
spread-eagle in place of the other turn the figure becomes what 
is best known as the Philadelphia spread-eagle grapevine. To 
cut it, start backward just as you would do in the Philadelphia 



86 



Spatding^s Athletic Library. 



grapevine. Jerk the right foot back similarly. Make a half-turn 
or revolution, which motion is ended with your left foot. The 
left has continued after your right on its inside forward edge. 
It is now changed to the inside backward edge which, naturally, 
forms the spread-eagle posture. 

Continue the spread-eagle for a distance of several feet. Turn 
your right foot by forcing the toe around and in, bringing it 
to its inner backward edge. Quickly cross it with your left. Put 
the left in place outside and alongside of the right. Now dupli- 
cate these maneuvers, revolving in the opposite direction the left. 

THE RAIL FElSrCE. 




FIG. 46-PICKET FENCE ON ONE FOOT 




FIG. 47-THE PICKET FENCE (TWO FEET) 



The rail fence is an Interesting maneuver. It differs from 
the figure known as the picket fence in that the lines which form 
the latter are straight, while in the rail fence they are made up 
of a series of curves. The picket fence on one foot is shown in 
Fig. 46, and with two feet in Fig. 47. 

The rail fence (Fig, 48) is reully a variation of the simple 
grapevine. 



Spalding' s Athletic Libraryo 87 

The component figures, however, are executed much closer to 
each other than in the grapevine. Starting with the left inside 
forward and the right inside forward, execute the initial strokes 
of a chain serpentine, coming to the three after the first oval 
and changing to the right outside backward and "from the left 




FIG. 48-THE RAIL FENCE 

outside forward to the left inside backward, etc., working back 
to a point on a line with that of your start off, if possible, and 
then advancing to the limit of your first three. The object is to 
repeat these figures side by side and continuously, their final 
appearance, in the minds of some people, resembling a form 
of rail fence. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 




THE BISHOP EIGHT. 

The Bishop Eight is a well-known fancy figure that has for a 
time baffled many fancy skaters in their endeavors to master it. 
Marvin R. Clark, a former skater of note and an authoritative 
writer on skating topics, has described it as follows : 

"The Bishop Eight (see Fig. 49, which is a copy of a drawing 
originally made by Mr. Clark), may be skated singly or in com- 
bination with other skaters. Entering into the combination are 
the outside and inside edge rolls, the cross roll and the threes. 
I will describe it as executed by two persons. Remember that 
the two skaters do not face each other and that the direction 
for one is tlie instruction for the other. 

"i. The two skaters join right hands, standing sideways to 
each other and facing in opposite directions. 

"2. Make a small half circle on the right foot, outside edge, 
forward. 

"3. Turn a three, at the same time changing the right for 
the left hand, and make a half circle backward on the inside 
edge, right foot, returning to the starting point. 

"4. Going backward on the outside edge, left foot, make a 
curve and a three, turn half way around the circle and change 
to the inside edge, forward, left foot. Make a curve and turn 
a three, from backward to forward, and from inside edge, left 
foot, to outside edge, right foot, coming forward, up to the 
centre, and joining left hands. 

"Put the left foot well over the right, as hands are joined, 
firmly on the ice, on the outside edge, and execute a cross roll. 
Repeat the movements already described, completing the other 
half of the eight. The cross roll should always be put in at the 



Spalding' s Athletic Library. 



89 



Vo2 on other hlj 
of 8 oilier edge 
forward right. 

Start of N08.J' 
outer edge ( 
forward right 




Start of TToJ. 

oater edge 

' forward Left. 

■Vol on other half 
of 8. oater edge 
forward Left. 



FIG. 49-" BISHOP EIGHT" BY TWO PERSONS. THE DOTTED LINES 
SHOW COURSE OF EACH SKATER IN SECOND HALF OF EIGHT 



90 Spalding's Athletic Library. 

point of meeting, and may be accomplished more easily, because 
each skater assists the other with his hands." 

Mr. Clark has also described the flying scud, another figure 
for two skaters hand-in-hand. He said : 

"To do the flying scud two skaters face each other and join 
both hands. The skater going forward starts with an outside 
edge roll on the right foot, the one going backward starting with 
art outside edge roll backward on the left foot. Next, the one 
going forward executes an outside edge roll forward on the 
left foot, while the one going backward does an outside edge 
roll backward, on the right foot. At the completion of the roll 
the skater going forward crosses the right foot over the left as 
in a cross roll, making the first half of the three, while the one 
going backward, at the end of the roll, puts the left foot in, 
behind the right, and makes the first part of the three backward. 
The jump is put in at the turn of the three, if desired, and the 
combination is continued at the pleasure of the participants. This 
is in what is known as 'in field,' and when done 'in eight' only 
the right hands are taken and the jump is omitted." 



SOtaldin^* s Athletic Library. 



9t 



^.r:. 



-%> 



FOUR CORNER ROSE BUD 





THE BALL OF TWINE 



f/ WV \v; 



/ 



AN INTRICATE GRAPEVINE 



A LOCOMOTIVE 




r— --. 



r ? J- 



/ \ 

» » 

MALTESE CROSS 



Hjght Left 
foot foot 



THE 'LILAC" 

TULIP (CUT BACKWARDS) 

DIFFICULT FANCY FIGURES 



Spalding's Aihletic Library. 



RULES, ETC., FOR A FIGURE 
SKATING CONTEST 



In order that those interested may be given , an idea of the 
nature of the tests for competition in a figure skating contest, 
the following are the conditions covering a recent National Cham- 
pionship meet at St. Nicholas Rink, New York: 

"A total failure is marked zero. 

"A fall does not necessarily constitute a failure. 

"The number of points to be given to the one standing first in 
any section of contesl^ants shall be that of the number of competi- 
tors. Should there be two or more of equal merit they should be 
marked the same number; and the one coming next below takes 
the number resulting from subtracting the number of competitors 
above him from the number entered. 

"At the conclusion of each figure, each judge shall, without 
consultation with his associate judges, mark. the number of 
points which he awards to each competitor." 

The figures through which each contestant must pass in order 
to qualify are : 

"Outside edge roll forward and backward, single and double 
fiat foot spins, cross foot and two foot whirls; inside edge roll 
forward and backward, figure eight on one foot forward, single 
and double circles ; curved angles— threes, single, double and 
chain, beginning on inside or outside edge; figure eight on one 
foot backward, single and double circles; cross roll forward in 
field and eights, single and double circles; cross roll backward 
in field and eights, single and double circles, loops and ringlets 
on inside and outside edges, single and in combination; change 
of edge roll forward and backward, beginning on either outside 
or inside edge; curved angles— rocking and counter rocking 
turns from outside edge to outside edge and inside edge to inside 



Spalding' s Athletic Library^, q3 












NINE INTERESTING CROSSES 
By J. F Bacon, in Sandow's Magazine 



94 Spalding s Athletic Library. 

edge, forward and backward ; curved angles — cross-cuts or anvils 
on inside and outside edges ; grapevines, toe and heel movements, 
embracing pivot circling, toe spins (pirouettes) and movements 
on both toes. 

"In case of a tie the judges shall order the ccnnipetitors so tied 
to skate nvc specialties each/' 



St!!t°e THE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK Tu" 



Spalding Men's Figure Skates 

MADE IN TWO MODELS AS SHOWN BELOW 




Brokaw Model. No. SR Figure Skate. Men's 
Styl* used by Mr, Irving Brokaw and by Champion Figure Skaters the world over 




S-PALOING 




Spalding Model. No. SR Figure Skate. Men's 

FURNISHED IN EITHER BROKAW OR SPALDING MODELS 

No. SR« Two stanchions, one-piece skates. Best quality 
Swedish steel, specially tempered blades. Round toes, with 
special teeth. Sizes 9% to 12 inches. . Per pair, $15.00 

Price, including Spalding No. 300 Shoes,Complete, attached. 

Per pair, $25.00 

The blades of these skates are made of a special grade of Swedish steel 
and they will remain sharp for an indefinite period. As they are only 
lightly nickel plated, care must be exercised to see that they do not rust. 



See SPECIAL NOTICE on page of Spalding Ladies' Figure Skates con- 
cerning instructions for measuring and in regard to care of skates, etc. 



PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES o 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS ROOI 



For C a mdi a n prices »ee cpeciftl C« n « <ti»n CaUlogue. 



IMiilllH'Jilliffi^ftlMlM 



GUARANTEES 
QUALITY 



Spalding Ladies' Figure Skates 

USED BY CHAMPION WOMEN FIGURE SKATERS 
BOTH HERE AND ABROAD 




Spalding Model. No. SRL Figure Skate. Ladies' 

FURNISHED IN EITHER BROKAW OR SPALDING MODELS 

No. SRL. Similar style to No. SR, but made slightly lighter 
and in ladies* sizes. Two stanchions, round toes, special 
teeth. Sizes 8% to 10% inches. . . . Per pair, $15.00 

Price, including Spalding No. 3 1 Shoes, complete, attached. 

Per pair, $25.00 

The blades of these skates are made of a special grade of Swedish steel 
and they will remain sharp for an indefinite period. As they are only 
lightly nickel plated, care must be exercised to see that they do not rust. 

SPECIAL NOTICE — All matters pertaining to the care of skates should be 
attended to at the close of the skating season. The foot plates and blades 
should be carefully rubbed off to prevent rust, and a coating of oil or vaseline 
applied, otherwise they v^ill not be in condition for immediate use at the 
beginning of the next season. When skate blades have become dull or 
chipped, or otherwise injured, they should be taken preferably to the maker 
for regrinding by competent workmen who understand about the proper 
grooving of blades w^hich ordinary skate sharpeners are unfamiliar with. 
Regrinding may be attended to through any of A. G. Spalding & Bros.* 
store.*) located in the principal cities of the United States and Canada. 



PROMH ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO US > 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 
,^ SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEB 
1^ OF THIS BDDI 



Price* ID effect J&nuuy & I91X Sulked to chftas* without ootico. For Caifdiin prioM ••• i 



ACCEPT NO TUr CDAI mMr^frfe^^lTDAnC.MADI/ GUARANTEES 



SUBSTITUTE 



THE SRALDINGiglTRADE-MARK 



QUALITY 



Spalding 

^'Brokaw ModeP^ 

Skating Shoes 

MADE ESPECIALLY FOR FIGURE SKATING 

Many features developed by Mr. Irving 
BrokavkT, through his long experience on 
the most famous rinks in the world, are in- 
corporated in the make-up of these shoes ; 
the especially high 
heel required for 
assuming gracefully 
the "bent knee" po- 
sition essential for 
the proper execution 
of artistic figures; 
the shaped top, lend- 
ing itself easily to 
the forw^ard position 
of the ankle and 
lower portion of the 
leg, are important 
features, adding 
much to the grace- 
fulness of the skater, 
while the special 
straight toe, really 
the most comfort- 
able and neatest form 
ever incorporated in 
a skating shoe, rounds out a combination that makes the Spalding shoe the 
only style for the skater anxious to maintain proper appearance on the rink 
while giving him at the same time the confidence required for success in 
competition. In addition, owing to the amount of practice required to be- 
come proficient in this style of skating, and the strained positions assumed 
for the execution of intricate figures, comfort is of paramount importance. 
Spalding shoes, worn from the beginning, guard the skater from falling into 
false or ungraceful positions while practising, and are always comfortable and 
neat in appearance. No. 300. Men's Brokaw Model Shoes. Per pair, $10.00 




Showing Spalding Brokaw Model Men's Figure Skate No. SR 
fastened to Spalding Shoe No. 300 




P80HPT UTTEMTIOU GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADBBESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Price* ip •H«cl Japa&ry 5. 1913. Subject to clwii«e writhout ootice. For CaMdian price, tee ipeciaJ C*nadiaB-€»U|ogu 



St!1?e THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK "^rALiTf 



Spalding 

Brokaw Moder' 
Skating Shoes 
For Ladies 




MADE ESPECIALLY 
FOR FIGURE 
SKATING 



Showing Spalding Brokaw ^^odel Ladles' Figure Skate 
No. SRL fastened to Spalding Shoe No. 310 



Front View of 
Spalding 

Skating Sho^ 
No. 310 



We recommend strongly the combination of skates and shoes 
as shown, and when both skates and shoes are ordered it is 
only necessary to specify size of street shoes or give foot meas- 
urements in regular way, but when ordering skates alone it is 
well to accompany order with a diagram showing outline of 
street shoe worn by skater. Not, of course, an extreme style 
with very wide extension soles or extra long pointed toes. On a 
sheet of paper draw a lead pencil line close around edge of shoe 
and attach this to order so we will know what size skates to send. 

No. 310. Ladies* Brokaw Model Shoes. Per pair, $10.00 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

■HY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Pricei in tUmsk Jf^v ^ IM1« Su^i•ct to change without notice. Foir Ckmtdian prices «e« special Canadi: 



sSBsm[|?E THE SPALDING 



^1^ 



TRADE-MARK Tr/v^' 



QUALITY 




Showing Skate Fastened to Shoe with S crews 

2] 



HOW TO 
ATTACKI 
ICES MATE 
TO SMOES 
PEOPEIRLT 



Showing Skate Riveted to Shoe 

1. Place skate loosely on shoe in proper position. 

2. Mark places for holes on sole of shoe centrally, to conform accurately to 
holes m foot and heel plate of skate. 

3. Bore one hole first at extreme end of toe plate ; then one hole at extreme 
end of heel plate, diagonally opposite hole at toe. 

4. Put in one screw in either of these extreme holes of toe or heel plate, 
drawing skate close to shoe, but not tight, then put in other extreme end screw, but 
before tightening either of these screws be sure the skate is in the proper position 
on shoe and that the runner is not bent. These two screws may then be tightened. 

5. After the skate is held firmly by COMPARATIVE ICE SKATE 




these two screws the other screws may be 
put in, alternating the toe and heel screws 
and screwing down tightly, one at a time. 

If these instructions are carefully fol- 
lowed, the skate runner will be straight, 
which is of the utmost importance, and if 
the skate has been set in the proper position 
on the shoe — so that the runner centers on 
the ball of the foot and the heel — the skater 
should have no trouble on the ice. 

The size and style of screw best adapted 
for attaching skates to shoes is '» x 8, round 
head, which are furnished by us with skates. 

In riveting skates to shoes follow same 
method as explained above, except substitut- 
.ing rivets for screws. 



AND SHOE SIZES 



Shoe Sizes 


Skates to 
be attached 
with Screws 

or Rivets 


All 
Clamp 
Skates 


1, Vz,2, 


SIZES 

8% 


SIZES 

9 


2^,3, 3% 


9 


9H 


4, 4h,5, 


9% 


10 


5% 6, 6k, 


10 


10% 


7, 7'.i,8, 


m 


11 


8?5,9. 9^, 


11 


11% 


10, 10%, 11, 


11% 


12 


11% 12, 


12 


12 



PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TD 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSEO TO US 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPUTE LIST OF STORES 
K SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



Cncet m ctfcct January S. 1913 Subj« 



THE SRALDIHGJl lDTRADEMARK 



QUALITY 



I Steel 

IMPROVED MODEL 



'E.at< 




Used by the Champion Speed Skaters in All Their Races 

Very light weight, all tubular steel construction. Every joint well reinforced, 
making them the strongest tubular racing skates manufactured. Blades 
made of chrome nickel steel, hardened and drawn, tapered from 1-16 inch at 
the toe to 1-32 inch at the heel. Toe and heel plates made of best partly 
hardened steel, left full size, so they can be cut to fit shoe. Furnished in 
two lengths of blades, 14>^ and 15>< inches. Foot plates arranged to fit 
small, medium or large size shoes. Specify size of shoe worn when ordering, 
also length of blade required. These skates are built for use with light racing 
shoes, Spalding No. 337 preferably. Our guarantee will not cover if heavy 

hockey or skating shoes are used. 
Spalding Tubular Steel Racing Skates, nickel- 
plated and polished. . . Per pair, $8.00 
Price, including No. 337 Shoes, complete, 

attached Per pair, $13.00 

Spalding Tubular Steel Racing Skates, alum- 
inum finish Per pair, $6.00 

Price, including No. 337 Shoes, com- 
plete, attached. Per pair, $11.00 

Showing Spalding 
Tubular Racing Skate, 

Nickel-plated, 

attached to Spalding 

Shoe No. 337 



iiMi 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDflESSED TO US 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



Price* in effect January 5. 1911. ^Subject to change without notice. For Canadian pricei tee special Canadian Catalogue. 



Stu?e THE SPALDING 



'TRADE-MAI^ TuAurf 



>paMiing Mini! Sllisit( 

FOR FANCY SKATING 





No. CR. Rink Skate. Men's 

No. CR. Foot plates same as on Cana- 
dian pattern hockey skates, highly- 
polished, nickel-plated and buffed. 
The runners on these skates are 
special chrome steel, selected for its 
peculiar fitness for a skate of this 
character, and ground with curved 
bottoms, as adopted by national 
skating associations. Teeth on toe 
placed correctly. Sizes 9j4 to 12 
inches Per pair, $5.00 

Price, including Spalding No. 336 Shoes, 
complete, attached. Per pair, $10.00 



Showing Spalding 

Rink Skate No. CR 

fastened to 

Spalding Shoe 

No. 336 




PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDBESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



IFOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



^f"ce» in effect Janii«ry 5, 1913. Subject to chsaye without notice. For C«n«di«n price* nee tpecial Canadian Catalogu 



Stu?e THE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK 



'P^ldllH; 




No. CRL. Rink Skate. Ladies' 




No. CRL. Ladies'. Same as 
No. CR, but with small heel 
plates and narrow toe plates. 
Sizes 8^ to 10/^ inches. 

Per pair, $5.00 

Price, including Spalding No. 350 
Shoes, complete, attached. 

Per pair, $10.00 



Showing Spald'ng 

Ladies' Rink Skate 

Nc. CRL 

fastened to 

Spalding Shoe 

No. 350 



PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LISl Of STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER . 

OF THIS BOOl 



Price* in eHect January S. 1913. Subject to change without oobca. For Canadian price* see ipecial r.n.Hinn CaUloguo. 



SH^THE SRALDING(^iTRADE-MARK 'ZZT 



lnyder's 




No. 4-0. Welded tool steel runners, hardened and tempered, nickel-plated 
throughout. Each pair in paper box. Sizes 9 to 12 inches. Per pair, $2.50 




No. 1. Runners of best cast steel, hardened and nickel-plated throughout. 
Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to 12 inches Per pair, $1.50 




No. 00. Runners of best cold rolled steel. Entire skate full nickel-plated. 

Each pair in paper box. Sizes 8 to 12 inches Per pair, $1.00 

No. 0. Runners of best cold rolled steel. Entire skate bright finish. Each 

pair paper wrapped. Sizes 8 to 12 inches Per pair, 75c. 



'otalbl© 




No. DR. By using these skates 
it is possible to take a child 
on the ice without fear of 
injury. The runners are so 
wide apart that any child can 
stand on them easily. They 
are adjustable from 6 to 9^ 
inches and furnished with 
straps complete. Each pair 
in paper box. Per pair, 50c. 



PROMPT ATTENTION 6IVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

AOOBiSSEO TO OS 



A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPUTE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOI ' 



PncM ID offecl J»nu>r7 Si I»I3. 



sSte THE SPALDING 



S|5;^a£5^ 




N0.4-OL. Welded 
steel run ners, 
tempered, nickel- 
plated throughout; 
russet straps. Each 
pair in paper box. 
Sizes 9 to 1 1 in. 
Per pair, $3.00 

No. IL. Best cast 
steel runners, 
hardened. All 
parts nickel-plat- 
ed; russet leather 
straps. In paper 
box. Sizes 8 to 
1 1 inches. 

Per pair, $2.25 

No. OOL. Nickel- 
plated. Runners 
and other parts of 
best steel, nicely 
finished; russet 
straps. Sizes 8 to 
1 I inches. Each 
pair in paper box. 
Per pair, $1.60 

No. OL. Bright 
finish. Paper 
wrapped. 

Per pair, $1.25 

No. 19. Made with 
steel runners and 
foot plates; russet 
leather straps. 
Each pair paper 
w^rapped. Sizes 8 
to 1 1 inches. 

Per pair, 90c. 



PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDHESSEDTDUS 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOB COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER,. 

OF THIS BOOR C 



rrice* in effect Jaauaiy & 191X Subject to change without notice.*For CanwiUD price* cee *pecial Canadian Calalogoa. 



sSbSe THE SPALDING 




TRADE-MARK TuTrf 



Spaldiimg 
ey Claiffliip Rimilll SllaHes 

FOR FANCY SKATING 

The runners of these best grade rink skates are absolutely the hardest 
made and have curved bottoms, as adopted by the leading skating clubs of 
this country. 




No. 16. Full key clamp fastenings, highly tempered and concaved, three-ply 
welded steel ribbed runners. All parts heavily nickel-plated and polished. 
Specially designed for fancy skating. Sizes 9/^ to 12 in. Per pair, $5.00 

No. 16L. Ladies'. Same as No. 16, but with small heel plates and narrow- 
toe plates. Sizes 8 to 10>< inches Per pair, $5.00 




No. 15. Nickel-plated throughout, full key clamp fastenings, runners of 
welded steel, hardened and tempered. Sizes 9^2 to 12 in. Per pair, $3.00 

No. 15L. Ladies'. Same as No. 15, but with small heel plates and narrow- 
toe plates. Sizes 8 to ]0)4 inches Per pair, $3.00 

No. 14. Nickel-plated, full key clamp fastenings, runners of cast steel, 
hardened beveled edges. Sizes 9ji to 12 inches. . . Per pair, $1.50 

No. 12. Rocker runners, all steel, full clamp fastenings. Sizes 9 '4 to 12 
inches Per pair, $1.00 



PBOMPTAnENTIONGIVENTOl 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDBESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



PLETE LIST OF STORES 
SIDE FRONT COVER 
Of THIS BOOH ' 



Price* in effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice.* For Canzuhao price* see special Ca n adi an Catalogue.. 



SUBSTITUTE 



THE SRALDINGIBDTRADEMARK 



QUALITY 



T^feuilar Hocliey 



IMPROVED MODEL 




Our experience during the past eight years in turning out properly made 
tubular ice skates enables us to build skates which while extremely light in 
weight are at the same time he strongest tubular skates made, and this means 
much to the expert hockey player. Runners of extra quality chrome nickel 
steel, specially tempered, very tough and absolutely the best obtainable for 
the purpose. The model has the endorsement 
of actual use by the most famous players in 
Canada. Sizes 9>^. 10, 10^. II, II >^, 12 inches 
foot length. 

Spalding Tubular Steel Hockey Skates, 

aluminum finish. . Per pair, $6.00 

Price, including Spalding No. 339 Shoes, 

complete, attached. Per pair, $1 1.00 



Showing Spalding 

Tubular Hockey 

Skate fastened to 

Spalding Shoe 

No. 339 




ifpBOMPTAnENTIONGIVENTOl 
I m COMMUNICATIONS 
|l ADDBESSEO TO MS 



A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COYER 
OF THIS BOOI 



rrice* io effect Joiuiuj & l9iX Subject to dumce without notice. ^For Oin e Hian price* cee (pecial C«iiwli»n Catalog««.. 



THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK "^Slf 



locliey Ste-^tes 




No. XH. Spalding "Intercollegiate" Expert Hockey Skate 

SPECIAL NOTICE-These skates are made to be used on the Spalding Shoes 
No. 339, or some style of shoe made similarly. They cannot be used to good ad- 
vantage on ordinary street shoes or with heavy skating shoes made with full heels. 

These Skates are built especially for expert hockey players, and represent a 
distinct advance in skate manufacture. The model and general features of 
construction -were suggested to us by some of the most prominent players on 
intercollegiate hockey teams. Runners are made of finest quality chrome 
nickel steel, highly tempered and drawn so as to toughen them and give a 

razor cutting edge. Toe and heel plates of 
fine quality cold rolled steel. All highly 
polished and extra heavy nickel-plated. Sizes 
9>^, 10, \0y2, 11, II M and 12 inches. 

No. XH. Spalding "Intercollegiate" Ex- 
pert Hockey Skates. Per pair, $5.00 
Price, including Spalding No. 339 Shoes, 
complete, attached. Per pair, $10.00 

Showing 

"Intercollegiate" 

Hockey Skate 

fastened to 

Spalding Shoe 

No. 339 




PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSEO TO US> 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS, 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPUTE UST OF STORES 

SEE INSiOE FRONT COVEB 

OFTHISBOOt 



Price* to effect Junutrr S. 191X Subject to < 



iTRADE-iyiARK^Zulf 



IStuteTHE SPALDING 



i^s^ 




oclley Sllat 




No. XS. "Championship" Pattern. Men's 

Blades of finest quality chrome nickel steel, hardened. This steel is 
specially noted for its toughness. Extra heavy electro-nickel-plated and 
highly polished throughout. Each pair in a box. 

No. XS. Made in sizes 9>^ to 12 inches Per pair, $5.00 

Price, including Spalding No. 336 Shoes, complete, attached. " 10.00 

The selection of the proper style 
skates is no more important than the 
selection of correct model shoes to be 
•worn with them. Spalding shoes are 
built particularly to fit Spalding skates, 
and the styles we illustrate in combina- 
tion are the ones most suitable and 
which will !?ive the best of satisfaction. 



Showiiil; Spalding 

"Championship" 

Hockey Skate 

fastened to Spalding 

Shoe No. 336 




A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



P80MPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 
ANT COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSEO TO US 

Fricet ia effect Janiuurjr S. 191X Subject to chance «nthout notice. For Canadian price* tee tpecial Canadian Catalogae. 



FOR COMPUTE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT GOVEB* 
OF THIS BOO! ■ 



subKe THE SPALDING 



1^ 



TRADE-MARK '^Klf 



SPALDING "EXPERT" 
RACING AND HOCKEY SHOE 

This shoe has been 
gotten up especially 
for racing and is 
just the thing for 
expert and particu- 
larly fast hockey 
players. 




SPALDING 
'CHAMPIONSHIP" HOCKEY SHOE 



This is a heavier 
weight shoe than 
the No. 337. 




No. 337. Fine quality kangaroo leather, 
very soft and pliable; extremely light 
weight; reinforced inside over ankle; 
laces low. Blucher style. Special 
counter supports foot without tiring 
wearer. Very light sole. Pair, $5.00 
We recominend these shoes for use 
especially with Spalding Tubular Rac- 
ing and Hockey Skates, and with No. XH 
Spalding "Intercollegiate" Expert Hockey 
Skates, also with any style racing skates 
made to be riveted to shoes. 



No. 339. Fine quality calf. Reinforced 
inside over ankle. Padded tongue. 
Special counter supports ankle, instep 
and arch of foot. Hard box toe special 
protection. Laced low. Blucher cut. 
Large brass eyelets. Per pair, $5.00 
Recommended particularly for use with 
the Spalding "Expert" Hockey Skates 
No. XH and with Spalding Tubular 
Hockey and Racing Skates. Suitable 
also fcDS use with any Canadian Pattern 
Hockey Skates. 



SPALDING 

HOCKEY 

SHOE 




No. 336. Best quality calf. Laces low. 
Blucherstyle. Special lined and made 
with counter that supports ankle and 
arch of foot, giving support where 
most required; full heel. Pair, $5.00 
Use No. 336 Shoes with Spalding Nos. 
XS or YH Hockey Skates, No. CR Rink 
Skates and any style Clamp Fastening 
Ice or Hockey Skates. 



No. 333. A good shoe at a moderate 
price. Made after the design of our 
No. 339 Shoe, but differing in quality of 
material and construction. Light weight 
and substantially made. Per pair, $3.50 
Use No. 333 Shoes with No. XH Hockey 
SkateB, Tubular Hockey and Racing 
Skates and with any Canadian Pattern 
Hockey Skates to b© riveted on. 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN 1 
ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO OS 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS, 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPlfTE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOO! '- 



^Price* in effect January 5> 191X Subject to change without notice. For Conadiap price* see (pedal r„^^Ai.„ Catalogue;^ 



THE SPALDINGi(,^;jTRADEMARK 



GUARANTEES 
QUALITY 



SPALDING 
MEN'S 

SKATING 
SHOE 




LADIES' 

SKATING 

SHOE 




No. 332. Made of good quality leather, 
machine sewed. Has outside strap 
support over ankle. Padded tongue. 
Full heel. Laced low. Blucher cut. 
A well constructed shoe. Pair, $3.50 

Use No. 332 Shoes with Spalding No. XS 
"Championship" Hockey Skates, No. YH 
Canadian Pattern Hockey Skates, No. 
CR Rink Skates and with regular Clamp 
Fastening Ice Skates. 



No. 350. Fine quality leather.nice and pli- 
able. Reinforced with webbing inside 
to give support over ankle and at top. 
Laces low. Blucher cut. Special counter 
to support arch of foot. Pair, $5.00 

Use No. 350 Shoes with Spalding No. 
XSL " Championship " Hockey Skates, 
No. YHL Canadian Pattern Hockey 
Skates, No. CRL Rink Skates and with 
regular Canadian Pattern Hockey or 
Clamp Fastening Ice Skates. 



LADIES' 

SKATING 

SHOE 




No. 370. Special quality leather, nicely 
lined and reinforced with web in- 
side over ankle. Laced low. Blucher 
cut. Made with special long counter. 
Per pair, $5.00 

Use No. 370 Shoes with Spalding No. 
XHL Ladies' Expert " Intercollegiate " 
Hockey Skates and with Spalding Tubu- 
lar Hockey and Racing Skates. Suitable 
for use with any style ladies' hockey or 
racing skate made to be riveted to shoes. 



No. 330. Good quality black leather. 
Laces low. Blucher style. Strap- 
and-buckle support. Per pair, $3.50 

Use No. 330 Shoes with Spalding No. 
XSL " Championship " Hockey Skates, 
No, YHL Canadian Pattern Hockey 
Skates, No. CRL Rink Skates and with 
regular Clamp Fastening Ladies' Ice 
Skates. 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 
ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
^ ADDRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOit COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOO! 



Pricea in effect January 5, 1313. Subject to change without notice. , For Canadioa price* *ce «pecial Canadian Catalogue.,' 



THE SPALDING 



QUALITY 



Spalding 
Holder for Sharpening Tubular Skates 

With aid of this arrange- 
ment tubular racing and 
hockey skates can be 
kept in perfect condition 
with an oil stone. The 
holder will fit skates of 
tubular construction of any 
length, and is extremely 
simple to manipulate. 

Each, $1.00 

NOTE — We can supply a very satisfactory quality oil stone 
with proper oil, for use in sharpening tubular skates. Oil 
stone and oil, complete. . .... $1.50 



Spalding 
Patent Perfection Ankle Brace 

(Patented December 21, 1909) 





No P. Can be used on 
any skate. This brace 
is complete in itself, the 
metal foot being simply 
riveted to the heel plate 
of the skate and the 
strap fastened around 
the ankle to make it the 
most perfect and satis- 
factory skate ankle 
brace ever produced. 
Strongly made of steel, r 
and furnished with good quality 
leather straps. . . Per pair, $1.50 




ckel-plated 



Scabbards for Blades of Racing Skates 



^1 



^-5^ No. RS. Leathe 
^^ 3 Scabbards to pro 



tect blades of 1 



skates. Made in three sizes to fit 14, ! 5 and 16-inch blades. 
Mention size when ordering. . Per pair, 75c. 



Scabbards for Blades of Hockey Skates 



reinforced. Will fit any size regular style hockey skates. Slot 
in end for inserting skate strap for carrying. Per pair, $1.00 




Spalding 
Toe Attachment for Rink Racing 



When tubular racing skates 
are to be used in rinks it is 
generally made a rule that 
an extra attachment shall 
be worn to cover the un- 
protected point of the skate. 
This is made of soft steel, 
with screw to attach to 
blade, and is long enough to 
permit adjustment to vari- 
ous sizes of skates. Pr.,25c. 




Spalding Spring Catch Skate Strap 




SIMPLE AND SECURE 
Requires no holes in strap, and is quickly and permanently- 
fastened at any point and as quickly released. 
No. 58. Superior quality leather. Russet or Black, 28-inch. 

Per pair, 35c 
No. SO. Superior quality leather, Russet or Black, 20- inch. 

Per pair, 30c. 
JMo. 28. Ordinary quality. Russet or Black, 28-inch. 

Per pair, 25c. 
No. 20, Ordinary quality. Russet or Black, 20-inch. 

Per pair, 20c. 

Spalding Skate Straps 




No. B8. Superior quality leather. Russet or Black, 28-inch. 

Per pair, 30c 
No. BO. Superior quality leather. Russet or Black, 20-inch. 

Per pair, 25c. 
No. 13. Ordinary quality. Plain Buckle, Russet or Black. 

28-inch. Per pair, 15c 

No. 11. Ordinary quality. Plain Buckle, Russet or Black. 
20-inch. Per pair, 10c, 



Spalding 
Ice Skate Key 



No. 1. Double Pocket, Cloth. Ea..25c 
No, 2. Double Pocket, Felt. " 35c 
No. 4. Felt, with draw strings. Made 
with division in center so that skates 
will not rub. .... Each. 50c 




No. SK. Nickel.plated. aU 

steel. well^,,„,,, 
made. Will/T^;'' 
fit any of the ^ " 
key clamp 
ice skates 
listed in this 
catalogue. 
Elach. 5c 




PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDBESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEB 
OF THIS BOOK ^ 



Price* in effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* tee *pecial Canadian Catalogue. 



ACCEPT NO TUr OOAI niMOf/TM^TD ATIC.M ADI/ GUARANTEES 



SiJBSTITUTE 



THE SPALDING (( BJTPftDE MARK 



QUALITY 



Spalding 
Atntomofoile an 
Winter Sports 
Sw^eaters 

HEAVY AND MEDIUM WEIGHTS 

SPALDING SWEATERS are not only 
durable in quality but they are very neat 
in appearance and are carefully finished by 
hand, both inside and out. For ladies' use we 
know of no more sensible and comfortable 
garment, particularly while out during cold 
or inclement weather, automobiling, snow 
shoeing, etc. Cuts illustrate especially the 
convenient form of collar with which we equip 
the Nos.WJ and WDJ styles listed on this page. 
No. WJ. Highest quality, heavy weight 
worsted. Without pockets. . . Each, $7.50 -k $81.00 Doz. 
No. WDJ. Fine quality standard weight worsted. Style as No. WJ. 
but lighter weight. Without pockets. Each, $6.00 "A" $63.00 Doz. 
POCKETS— We supply two pockets in either of above 
sweaters, if ordered at time sweater is made, not after, 
at an extra charge of 50c. 

COLORS— Above sweaters carried in stock In Cray or 
White only. 

SPFPIAI ORHFR^— 'n addition lo stock colors mentioned, we sup- 
OrE.V.,lAL UKUCKO ^,y ^^^^ ,„eate™ without extra charge, on 
special orders only, not carried in stock, in any of the following colors: 




Collar buttoned 



BLACK MAROON SCARLET 

CARDINAL NAVY COLUMBIA BLUE 

DARK GREEN SEAL BROWN 

N. B.— We designate three shades which are sometimes called RED. They are 
Scarlet, Cardinal, Maroon. Where RED is specified on order we supply Cardinal. 
above, to order only, SOc. each garment extra. 



Plain colors, other than the 

SPECIAL NOTICE-Solid colored sweaters wit 
color (not striped) collar and cuffs furnished 
special order, at no extra charge. 



SIZEIS— Carried in stock regularly in sizes 28 to 44 inches 
chest measurement. Other sizes at an advanced price. 



We allow four inches for stretch in all our tt^eaters, and sizes 
accordingly. It is suggested, however, that for very heavy men i 
two inches larger than coat measurement be ordered to insure a coi 



are marked 
sixe about 
ifortabic fit. 



The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with -^ will be 
quoted on/y on orders for one-half dozen or more. Quantity; 

prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with iir 
PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 



PIOMPTAnENTION GIVEN TO 
ANT COMMUNICATIONS . 

mmm to ds 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 




Price* in effect JniuiMij &, 191X Subject to cb&nge without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Cataloa;a&. 



^Ef1?JHE SPALDING 



SUBSTITUTE 



^S 



Wiiatter Sports 
Sweaters 

HEAVY AND SPECIAL WEIGHTS - WITH POCKETS ' 

For automobiling, training purposes, re- 

,ducing weight, tramping in cold weather, 

golfing, shooting, tobogganing, snowshoe- 

ing. High collar may be turned down, 

quickly, changing into neatest form of 

button front sweater. Sizes 28 to .44 inches. Other sizes at an advanced price. Carried 

in stock in Gray and White only. See list below of colors supplied on special orders. 





No. WJP Worn Under Coat. 
Collar Buttoned Up 



No. WJP Worn Under Coat, 
Collar Turned Down 



No. AWJP. Heaviest weight special 
quality worsted, with pocket on either 
side. Each, $ 1 0.00 * ^ / 05. 00 Doz. 




No. WJP. Highest quality special heavy 
weight worsted, with pocket on either 



Showing Front and Back \l 



side. 



The dozen prices 
printed in italics will 
be quoted only on 
orders for one - half 
dozen or more. 
We allow four inches 
for stretch in all our 
sweaters, and sizes are 
marked accordingly. It 
is suggested, however, 
that for very heavy 
men a size about two 
inches larger than coat 
measurement be or- 
dered to insure a com- 
fortable fit. 



Each, $8.00:*\J<S7.00 Doz. 



of No. AWJP Sweater 

SPECIAL ORDERS 

In addition to stock colors mentioned, we supply these sweaters without extra 
charge, on special orders only, not carried in stock, in any of the following colors: 
Black Maroon Scarlet Cardinal Navy N.B.-We designate three shades 
Columbia Blue Dark Green Seal Brown ^^:^ -\'-,Src^6tl^'Mlll 

PLAIN COLORS, other than the above, to order only. Where RED is specified on order, we 
50c. each garment extra. supply Cardinal 

SPECIAL NOTICE— Solid colored sweaters with one color body and another color 
(not striped) collar and cuffs furnished in any of the colors noted, on special order, 
at nb extra charge. 

PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. 



PROMPTAnENTIONBIVENTOl 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G. SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 




FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COYEJ) 
OF THIS BOOK ' 



Pnc£9 in effect January 5, 191X Subject to change without notice. •^For Cnnndinn prices see special Canadian Catalogue.^ 



ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



THE SPALDING (igjTRADE MARK 



Spalding Jacket Siiveaters 



GUARANTEES 
QUALITY 



The lighter weight button front sweaters listed on this page are especially suitable for wear under regular ct 

when walking or taking ordinary exercise. 
Sizes: 28 to 44 inches chest measurement IVe allow four inches for stretch in all our ' sweaters, 
sizes are marked accordingly. It is suggested, however,- that for very heavy meri a size about two inci 
larger than coat measurement be ordered to i nsur e a comfortable 

No. DJ. Fine worsted, 
standard weight, pearl 
buttons, fine knit edg- 
ing. Carried in stock 
in Gray or White only. 
Sqe list below of colors 
supplied on special or- 
ders. . Each, $5.00 
i^ $54.00 Dz. 




Slialier 
Sweater 




DJ and No. 3J 



No. 3 J. Standard weight, 
similar style to No. DJ, 
but Shaker knit instead 
of fine worsted, and 
without fine knit edg- 
ing. Pearl buttons. 

Carried in stock and No. DJ 

supplied only in Plain Gray. . . Each, $4.00 "A' ^-^5. 00 2); 

Two pockets in either of above sweaters, put in at time mad< 
not after , . Elxtra, 50i 



brJLCIAL ORDERS— In addition to stock colors mentioned, we also supply No. 
DJ s\yeater8 and any of the mufflers and collarettes listed on this page without 
extra charge, on special orders ni i aa a i i /^ i- i kt 

only, not carried in stock, in Black Maroon Scarlet Cardinal Navy 
any of the following colors : Columbia Blue Dark Green Seal Brown 

N. B.— We designate three shades which are sometimes called RED. They ar» 
Scarlet, Cardinal, Maroon. Where RED is specified on order, we supply Cardinal. 

PLAIN COLORS, other than the above, to order only, 50c. each garment extra. 

SPECIAL NOTICE -Solid Color sweaters No. DJ with one color body and another 
color (not striped) collar and cuffs furnished in any of the colors noted, on 
special order, at no extra charge. This does not apply to the No. 3J Sweater. 

Spalding Combined Knitted 
Muffler and .Chest Protector 

No. W. Fancy knit ; good weight, spe- 
cial quality worsted. Stock colors 
White or Gray. . . Each, $1.50 

No. M. Special weight; highest qual- 
ity worsted. Stock colors: White or 
Gray. ...... Each. $1.00 




Spalding Collarette 

No. CT. Good weigh" 
highest quality worsted 
Stock colors: White Oj 
Gray. . . Each. $2.0C 

J /a/if s oppoiHe items marked wilh ^ will he gitoUd oii/y on orders for one-half dozen or more a^ 
one lime. Quantity p^rices NOT ailowea on items NOT marked with -^ Prices Subject to Charge Without Notice 





No.W. Front View 

The prices printed i 



No W. Back View 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADOHESSEO TO US 



A. G. SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIOE FRONT COVER, 

OF THIS BOOI 



prices ia effect January 5, 19 IX Subject to change ' 



For Canadian price* see special Canadiao Cnlalogue 



ACCEPT NO Tur onAl niMPffr^MmTDAnC-MADI^ GUARANTEES 



SUBSTITUTE 






QUALITY 



Spalding'JskclletaiidVestCollsiS'SwesiiIeirs 

Sizes : 28 to 44 inches chest measurement. 

fVe allow four inches for stretch in all our sweaters, and sises are marked accordingly. It is suggested, however, 
that for very heavy men a size about tivo inches larger than coat measurement be ordered to insure a comfortable fit. 

Spaldaea^ JacEieU Sweaters 

WITH POCKETS 
No. VGP. Best quality worsted, heavy weight, pearl but- 
tons. Carried in stock in Gray or White only. See list 
below of colors supplied on special orders. With pocket 
on either side, and a particularly convenient and popular 
style for golf players. . . Each, $6.50 * ^69.00 Doz. 
WITHOUT POCKETS 
Mo. VG. Same as No. VGP, but without pockets. 

Each. $6.00 * $63.00 Doz. 

PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 

SPECIAL ORDERS 

\ii addition to stock colors mentioned, we also supply any of the 
{weaters listed on this page, without extra charge, on special orders 
only, not carried in stock, in any of the following colors: 
BLACK MAROON NAVY BLUE DARK GREEN 

CARDINAL SCARLET COLUMBIA BLUE SEAL BROWN 
Other colors to order only, in any quality, 50c. each garment extra. 




Spsiidiiag Vest 
Collas' S^y^eateips 

No. BG. Best quality 
worsted, good weight, 
extreme open or low 
neck. No buttons. Car- 
ried in stock in Gray or 
White only. See list 
above of colors supplied 
on special orders. 

Each, $5.50 
i^ $60.00 Doz. 

Two pockets in No. BG 
Sweater; put in at time 
sweater is made, not after. 

No. VGP Sweater ^"^«- ^^''' 

SPECIAL NOTICE. We will furnish any of the solid color sweaters listed on this page with one color body 
iand another color (not striped) collar and cuffs in any of the above colors on special order, at no extra charge'. 

THe prices print fd in italics opposite items marked with* will be quoted only on orders for one-fialf dozen or mor€* 
I " Qtumlily prieet NOT allowed on itemt NOT marked with* 




PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

AOOHESSEDTOUS 



A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



rrice* in eHecl January 5, 191X Subject to cbanxe without ooUc«.*For Canadijui price, tee «peoAl Canadian CataUtga^^ 



ffsKTHE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK "^rALiTY 



IS 
Much depends upon the style of at- 
tachment used on the ski. It must be 
simple,so that its adjustment is easy, 
even with gloved hands; it must not 
be too rigid, but at the same time it 
has got to be absolutely secure when 
fastened. All these advantages are 
present in the Spalding attachment. 

Showing Detail 
of Feistening on Skis 



Winter athletic sports are indulged 
in more generally abroad than in this 
country, but during the past two 
winters there has been a decided 
increase in the number of Ameri- 
cans of both sexes who have taken 
up skiing as a healthful diversion 
during the months when weather 
conditions make any other form of 
outdoor athletics, except snow shoe- 
ing and tobogganing, almost im- 
possible. 

Absolutely high grade; made according to the latest ideas; of well selected 
ash, and with grain running to the back sO as to offer no resistance. Have 
special design adjustable foot straps, as illustrated, with corrugated rubber 
rest, and bottoms of skis are grooved. With the special adjustable fasten- 
ing used on Spalding '* Expert " Skis it is possible to keep them always well 
tightened —no danger that they will work loose at the most critical time. 





No.BP 



No. 86. 7 feet 2 inches long. No. 88. 7 feet 4 inches long. 
No. 90. 7% feet long. 

On Nos. 86, 88 and 9Q, prices do NOT include poles. 
Other sizes to order ; pricey on application. 

Spalding' Reg'uslation SMs 

Prices Include Poles 

Well made and of latest design. Simple but secure attachments. 
No-. 1 0. 4 feet long. No. 1 1 . 5 feet long. No. 12.6 feet long. 

1 Spalding Sill Poles— Sepas-^ti® 

^^ No. BP. Length. 4% feet. Made of bamboo, with improved 

spikes and fittings. Leather wrist strap. . Each, $1.50 

No.3P No. 3P. 4% feet long; tough, light weight wood. " ^ l.OO 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOl » 



Trice* >B effect Januaiy S. I91i Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* »eo cpecial CanadiaD Catalogoa.. 



JP,StZ THE SPALDING 






QUALITY 



^paMiEng' Simow^ Slioe© 



SNOW SHOES are useful, 
especially when the snow 
lies deep and walking is prac- 
tically impossible, particu- 
larly in the country; and they 
place within reach, when or- 
dinary outdoor exercise is out 
of the question, one of the 
most interesting and exhila- 
rating forms of recreation 
and exercise. Many do not 
realize that the original man- 
ufacturers of athletic equip- 
ment on this continent were the American Indians, to whose ingenuity w^e 
owe both the Snow Shoe and the Lacrosse. We have the best and most 
practical line of snow shoes made. They are durable and neat in appearance. 
Just the thing for healthful outdoor amusement and tramping in winter. 




Illustrating method of 
fastening with Sandal. 




Illustrating method of 
Fastening with Thong. 




Size 
Size 



36 inches Per pair, $3.00 



No. 8. Boys'. 

No. 10. Youths*. Size II x 40 inches. ........ " 4.00 

No. 20. Ladies'. Size 12x42 inches " 5.00 

No. 30. Men's Racing. Size 12 x 50 inches " 5.50 

No. 35. Men's. Size 14x46 inches " 5.50 

No. 40. Men's. Size 14x46 in.; flat, broad toe, extra strong. " 6.00 

We include leather thongs for attaching with all Snow Shoes. 
Sandals are charged for extra. 

Lampwick Thongs, good length Per pair, 25c. 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOW L 



in effect January 5. 1913. Subject to change without ooticc^For Canadian prices fee ipecial Canadian Catalogue. 



SUBSTITUTE 



THESRALDING(fel)TRADEMARK 



QUALITY 



n= 




Spa.Idl!img T©q^M®s and 
Slfe^ll Caps 

No. SB. Worsted, heavy weight. Striped 
ahernate; in a variety of colors and 
attractive mixtures. . . . Each, $1.00 

No. SC. Worsted, Hght weight. Striped 
alternate; in various colors. Each, 50c. 



l^m. To© Ca-ps 



Made of heavy 
1 -ather, with rein- 
forcements riveted 
on side. Laced at 
top and well made. 
Each, $1.25 




Sas^(da 




No. 0. Made of soft oiled 

tanned leather, readily 

attached to snow shoes. 

For practical trampers. 

Per pair, $1.25 



Bucl&sliiii Moccasins 

No. 108. Strong and heavy. Bellows tongue. Sizes 4 to II. When order- 
ing, give size of shoe worn Per pair, $3.00 




Oal Tas^ime 

Made in boys 



©ccasaims 

When ordering, give size 



and men's sizes, 

of shoe worn. 

No. OTB. Boys' sizes, 2 to 5, high cut. . Per pair, $2.50 

No. OTM. Men's sizes, 6 to II, 7 inches high. " 3.00 

No. LH. Men's sizes, 6 to II, low cut. For indoor 

use Per pair, $2.50 



PBOMPTAnENTIONGIVENTOl 

m COMMUNICATIONS 
400RESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPUTE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEB 
OF THIS BOOl • 



\fneet ia effect January S, 1913. Subject to change without notice.^ For Canadian price* tee cpeciaJ Canadian Catalogue. 



SIme THE SPALDING 



ITRADE-MARKTuALilf 



The "Shamrock" Toboggans are made with wood runners of improved design. Sides 
are extra heavy to prevent chipping, runners placed so as to be equally suitable for 
either snow or ice slides; hoods reinforced inside with wooden cross piece and secured 
with rawhide thongs. Continuous rope held with rawhide loops. 

Guaranteed best quality throughout. ^.^^^ >=P3 







No. A. 8 feet long. 



No. B. 7 feet long. 



No. C. 6 feet long 



Tl^© Sipaldflifag ^^Vict(D!ria^^ Tolboggasa^ 

Latest Canadian model, with runners of special design. Made of care- 
fully selected ash, with improved hood, and rope secured with rawhide. 




No. G. 5 feet long 
No. D. 6 feet long 



No. E. 7 feet long. 
No.^F. 8 feet long. 



To meet the demand for a toboggan of good quality, at a moderate 
price, we have introduced our "Franklin" style. Hood is held 
n place with leather thongs, and side ropes are well secured. 



ggS^EliJ 




5 feet long. 



No. 3. 6 feet long. 



No. 4. 7 feet long. 



Sp^Idisa^ T(Dlb©^^aim C^slhnoims 

Well padded and 
nicely tufted. Covered 
with special quality brown canvas. Leather straps for attaching to toboggans. 
3X ft. long, for S-foot toboggans. Ea., $1.50 j 5X ft. long, for 7-foot toboggans. Ea.. $2.50 
1 4)4^ ft. Ions:, for 6- foot toboggans. Ea., 2.00 | 6X ft. long, for 6-foot toboggans " 3.00 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 
ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
^ ADDRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



i FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER* 
OF THIS BOOK 



Price* in effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without cotice.*For Canadian price* tee «pecial Canadian Catalof^e 




llil8t!mii!IAI'JiHillglt!J 



Mike 



.tub-In" Athletic Liniment 



THIS PREPARATION is the same as has been used by Mike Murphy, the famous athletic 
trainer, in. conditioning the Yale, University of Pennsylvania and other college teams which 
have been under his charge. He is famous for the perfect condition 
^^^ in which he brings his athletes into a contest, and the ingredients 

Mf^\ and proper preparation of his "Rub-In" Liniment has been a closely 
Y^ -ffj guarded secret. He has finally turned the formula over to A. G. 
Spalding & Bros, with perfect confidence that the proper materials 
1 always be used in preparing the liniment and that no consider- 
ations will induce us to cheapen it in any way. 




Large bottles. 
Small bottles. 



Each, 50c. 
Each. 25c. 




Spaldiimg Elastic Basudsig'es 

Spalding 
Shoulder Bandage 



Spalding Knee Cap Bandage 



Give circumference around 
arm and chest. Mention. for 
which shoulder required. 
No. 101. Cotton thread. 

Each. $3.50 
No. lOJA. Silk thread. 

Each, $5.00 

Wrist Bandage 

Give circumference around 
smallest part of wrist, and state 
if for light or strong pressure. 
No. 106. Cotton thread. . . Each, 50c. , 

No. 106A. Silk thread. .... . . " 75c. ' ' 

Spalding Ankle Bandage 

Give circumference around ankle and over 
step; state if light or strong pressure is desired 
No. 105. Cotton thread. Each, $1.00 
No. 105A. Silk thread. 

Each, $2.00 

Spalding Elastic Bandage 

Composed of threads of rubber completely 
covered. The pressure can be 
applied wherever necessary. To 
fasten insert end under last fold. 

"No. 30. Width 3 in., 5 yds. long (stretched). Each. 60c. 

?No.25. Width 2>i in., 5 yde. long (stretched). " 50c 






Give circumference below 
knee, at knee and just 
above knee, and state 
if light or strong pres- 
sure is desired. 
No. 104. Cotton 
thread. Each, $1.00 
No. 104A. Silk thread. 
Each, $2.00 

Elbow Bandage 

Give circumference above 

and below elbow and state' 

if for light or strong 

pressure. 

No. 102. Cotton 

thread. Each. $1.00 

No. 102A. Silk 

thread. Each. $2.00 

Spalding Elastic Belt 

Our elastic foot bcJl 

belt stretches withl 

the length of thej 

body and may be" 

attached to jacket 

and pants, thus forming one continuous 

suit. By closely fitting thebody.theoppos- 

ing player has less chance of tackling. 

Allows perfect freedom in all positions. 

No. 1. Width 6 inchee. Each. $1^0 





PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
^ ADDRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK - 



I io «ff«ct Jaouaijr S, 19IX Subjsct to chaii(« witheul oolic*. For Cojuuliut grico* ••• (pecial ramriian CaUlo^a 



GUARANTEES 
QUALITY 



Spalding' 
"Official National League" 
Bali 



Patent Cork Center 



Patented August 31, 1909 




Adopted by the National 
League in 1878, is the only 
ball used in Championship 
games since that time and has 
now been adopted for twenty 
years more, making a total 
adoption of fifty-four years. 




Each, . . $1.25 
Per Dozen, $15.00 



This ball has the Spalding 
"Patent" Cork Center, 

the same as used since August 1, 

1910, without change in size of 

cork or construction 

Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, 
packed in a separate box, and 
sealed in accordance with the 
latest League regulations. 
Warranted to last a full 
game when used under ordi- 
nary conditions. 



The Spalding "Official Nation&l League Ball Has 
been tHe Official Ball of tKe Game since 187a 

Spalding Complete Calalogne ol Athletic Goods Mailed Free. ^ 



A.G.SPALDING <Sc BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



ICOMPlfTEUST OF STORES 
OM INSIK FRONT COVU 



7*titKt in t^tti January S, (91 J. SviJeU lo chanjir tshbovt nqlicc For 



prtcM Me tptcttti Canadian 



sK!l?E THE SPALDING 




]Iinit©ir€®ll©i£at@ FL^n^^ 




i 



Pat. Sept 12. 1911 




No.J5 • 



Complete, $5.00 



This is the ONLY OFFICIAL 
COLLEGE FOOT BALL, 
and is used in every important 
match played in this country. 



GUARANTEED ABSOLUTELY 

IF SEAL OF BOX 13 

UNBROKEN 



ffi 



Each ball complete in sealed 
box, including leather case, 
' guaranteed pure Para rubber 
bladder (not compounded), 
inflater, lacing needle 
and rawhide lace. 



^E GUARANTEE every J5 Spalding Foot BaU to be 
perfect in material and workmanship and correct 
in shape and size when inspected at our factory. 
If any defect is discovered during the first game in 
which it is used, or during the first day's practice 
use, and if returned at once, we will replace same 
under this guarantee. We do not gusu-antee against ordinary wear 
nor against defect in shape or size that b not discovered imn^edi> 
ately after the first day's use. fl Owing to the superb quality of 
every Spalding Foot Ball, our customers have grown to expect a 
season's use of one ball, and at times make uixreiuonable claims 
under our guarantee 
which we will 
not allow. 



□ E 




^^^J^^f^^U^ 



B8^ 



Id 



PROMPT ATTENTION 6IVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
^ AODRESSEO TO OS 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK • 



PricM in effect January S, 1913. Subject to change without ooticA. Fvr C^xdian prices tea ipeciaJ Canadian Catalogue. 



Stute THE SPALDING 



ITRADE-MARK'^rLiif 



The Spalding Official Basket Ball 




THE ONLY 

OFFICIAL 

BASKET BALL 



WE GUARANTEE 

this ball to be perfect in ma- 
terial and workmanship and 
correct in shape and size 
when inspected at our fac- 
tory. If any defect is dis- 
covered during the fimt game 
in which it is used, or during 
the first day's practice iise, 
and, if returned at once, we 
will replace same under this 
guarantee. We do not guar- 
antee against ordinary , wear 
nor against defect in shape or 
size that is not discovered im- 
mediately after the first day's 

tise. 
Owing to the superb quality 
of our ^o. M Basket Ball, our 
customers have grown to ex- 
pect a season's use oj one ball, 
and at times make unreason- 
able claims under our guar- 
antee, which we will not allow. 
A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



OFFICIALLY ADOPTED AND STANDARD. The cover is made in four sections, with 
capless ends, and of the finest and most carefully selected pebble grain English leather. 
We take the entire output of this superior grade of leather from the English tanners, and 
in the Official Basket Ball use the choicest parts of each hide. Extra heavy bladder made 
especially for this ball of extra quality pure Para rubber (not compounded). Each ball 
packed complete, in sealed box, with rawhide lace and lacing needle, and guaranteed per- 
fect in eveiy detail. To provide that all official contests may be held under absolutely fair and uniform 
conditions, it is stipulated that this ball must be used in all match games of either men 's or women's teams. 

No. M. Spalding « Official*' Basket Bail. Each, $6.00 



Extract Irom Men's OUicial Rule Book 

Rule II-Ball. 
Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- 
ing & Bros, shall be the official ball. 
Official balls will be ,^'ffl^>v 
stamped as herewith, f?^o|4^^ 
and wim>e in sealed Vtt^~--%^ 
boxes. 's:a5icE£gpp^ 

Sec. 4 The official ball must be 
i9a«d in «U match 



Extract from 
Collegiate Rule Book 

The Spalding Official Basket 
Ball No. M is the official 
ball of the .^ffiSn^^ 



Intercollegi- 
ate Basket 
Ball Associa- 
tion, and must be used in all 
icoatch ssxxMWb 



Extract from Women's Official Role Boolt 

Rule II -Ball. 
Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- 
ing & Bros shall be the official ball 
Official balls will be -^g Vici S'N. 
stamped as herewith, /'S^vSm^N 
and will be in sealed \ ^^''LA J 

Sec. 4. The official ball must be 
used in all match srames. 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDHESSEO TO OS 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS Boot 



Pricea in effect January 5, 1913. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* >ee •pedal Canadian Catalogue. 



JUN 14 1913 

Standard Policy 



A Standard Qyality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. 
Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a 
Manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Quality. 

To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a 
profit for the jobber as well as for the retail dealer. To meet these conditions 
of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list 
price on his goods to the consumer. ,,,.,. 

To enable the glib salesrrian, when bookmg his orders, to figure out 
attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are 
absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the 
manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured 
his order from the retailer. , , ,. . r • i 

However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who 
does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. 

When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading 
but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and 
grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," 
which vary with local trade conditions. 

Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer 
and the jobber are assured ; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices 
to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably 
leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are 
practically eliminated. ^i . , , . . 

This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer, 1 he jobber insists 
on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this 
demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz.: the cheap- 
ening and degrading of the quality of his product. ' 

The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that 14 years ago, in 1899, 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic 
Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding 

The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding 
Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures the supply of Spalding 
Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer by which the retail dealer is 
assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and 
the consumer is assured a Standard Qyality and is protected from imposition. 

The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the 
users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways : 

First.— The user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods 
and the same prices to everybody. 

Second.— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in 
purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required 
in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their 
respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary 
quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Qyality. 

All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requested to supply 
consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices— neither more nor less-the same 
prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. 

All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated 
exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriniinations are allowed to anyone. 

This briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful 
operation for the past 14 years, and will be indefinitely continued. 

In other words, "The Spalding Policy" is a "square deal" for everybody. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



1 ^«. -T ' 



By '(2^.k:ifi^^-^^^^^^' 



standard Quality 



An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard" is thereby 
conceded to be the criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar 
nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit 
of currency, because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, 
and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp 
thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and 
other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service 
Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a 
great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against 
counterfeit products — without the aid of "Government Detectives" or "Public 
Opinion" to assist them. 

Consequently the "Consumer's Protection" against misrepresentation and 
"inferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the 
" Manufacturer." 

A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Qyality," for 
thirty-seven years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout 
the world as a Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the 
U, S. Currency is in its field. 

The necessity of upholding the Guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and 
maintaining the Standard Qyality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvi- 
ous as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Steoidard Currency. 

Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other 
consumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade- 
Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic 
Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by 
insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which 
they buy, because without this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining 
Standard Qyality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. 

Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being 
high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of 
"inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. 

A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold 
and a guarantee to protect must necessarily have higher prices than a manufac- 
turer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis of a claim for Standard Qyality 
depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman. 

We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than 
poverty in queJity — and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Qyality. 




.T-^.trwr 



I 



ATHI/BTIC I/IBRART 



A separaite book covers every Athletic Sport 

and is Official and Standard 

Price 10 cents each 



GRAND PRIZE 




GRAND PRH 



as^^i/, 



PARIS, IQCC 



ST. LOUIS. 1904 O It -ttL Ay J-l 1 JN vJ PARIS.IQOC 

ATHLETIC GOODS 

ARE THE STANDARD OF THE \V0RLI 



A. G. Spalding ® Bros. 

MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES in the FOLLOWING CITIES 
NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS 

BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY 

PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO 

NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES 

BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE 

SYRACUSE COLUMBUS MINNEAPOLIS 

ROCHESTER INDIANAPOLIS ST. PAUL 

BALTIMORE PITTSBURGH DENVER 

WASHINGTON ATLANTA DALLA5 



LONDON, ENGLAND 

LIVERPOOL. ENGLAND 
BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND 
MANCHESTER. ENGLAND 
EDINBURGH. SCOTLAND 
GLASGOW, SCOTLAND 



jries owned and opero 
lefe-Markcd Afhtctic < 



tctic Goods an 



LOUISVILLE 

NEW ORLEANS 
MONTREAL. CANADA 
TORONTO, CANAD/ 
t PARIS, FRANCE 

) SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA 

Idiny & Bros, and where ell of Spaldmy 
• are located in the followma cities 



CHICAGO 



FRANCISCO CHICOPEE. 



BROOKLYN 



PHILADELPHIA, 



LONDON. 







^^1^^^ ^' 














<v , o " o . '^ 



